Missouri River Flood 2011 is a flood event in the Missouri River in the United States. The floods were triggered by snowfall in the Rocky Mountains of Montana and Wyoming along with an approaching spring rainfall in the middle and east of Montana. The six major dams along the Missouri River release large amounts of water to prevent the overflow of water that causes floods that threaten several towns and cities along the river from Montana to Missouri; particularly Bismarck, North Dakota; Pierre, South Dakota; Dakota Dunes, South Dakota; South Sioux City, Nebraska, Sioux City, Iowa; Omaha, Nebraska; Council Bluffs, Iowa; Kansas City, Missouri; Jefferson City, Missouri, and put many small towns in danger. According to the National Weather Service, in the second half of May 2011, almost a year of rain fell over the Missouri River valley. Extremely high rainfall in conjunction with about 212 per cent of normal snowpacks in the Rocky Mountains contributes to this flooding event.
Video 2011 Missouri River Flood
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The flood, instead of being a short-term event, is anticipated to take place from June to August 2011 as a result of the Engineer Corps effort to regulate the release of water through an 850 mile (1,370 km) open river from Dam Garrison in North Dakota to a meeting with the Mississippi River at St. Louis. Garrison Dam started releasing a record 152,000 cubic feet (4,300 m 3 ) of water per second on June 1, 2011 - more than twice the previous record release in 1997. The corps was criticized for not releasing water earlier. But the Corps defended its practice noting that it did not foresee a colder spring than a normal spring that delayed snow mountains and a record of continuous heavy rain in Wyoming and Montana.
In an effort to control the release of flood waters because as all reservoirs are 100 percent or more of capacity (with the exception of Fort Randall Dam), the Engineer Corps doubled the record for water discharges in five North dams and South Dakota rivers.. Officials say that downstream problems could be mitigated by the work of river control and the construction of new dikes that occurred after the Great Flood in 1993. However, they are not sure whether the dikes survive flooding in the long term.
A study by Utah State University examining the accumulation of water storage leading to the 2011 Missouri River flood observed by GRACE satellites suggests that the precipitation above the MRB undergoes deep modulation during the transition points of the quasi-decadal oscillations of the Pacific and related teleconnections. The results conclude the prominent teleconnection coercion in moving wet/dry spells on MRB, and this relationship implies the persistence of dry conditions for the next 2 to 3 years, which are associated with the drought of Midwestern 2012-15.
Maps 2011 Missouri River Flood
Water release by dam
In May 2011, the dam above Gavins Point began to increase water release (in cubic feet/sec), surpassing all previous national records for release.
Missouri River Closure
The flood forced the closure of several Missouri River traffic bridges from just above Gavins Point to northern Missouri. The closure makes it impossible to cross a river more than 100 miles (160 km) between Sioux City and Omaha and another 100 miles (160 km) between Plattsmouth, Nebraska (just south of Omaha) at Mile Marker 591 and St.. Joseph, Missouri, at Mile Marker 450. Authorities are also considering closing the Plattsmouth bridge.
During floods, every bridge between Omaha and Kansas City is completely closed, having an unobstructed exit or other work at some point.
Long term closure
- Bear Head Bridge Bridge Standing between Nebraska and South Dakota near Niobrara, Nebraska. The bridge actually remains open but floods on the Nebraska side make it a dead end. But some people (especially employees at Mike Durfee State Prison) use motorboats, kayaks, chest lovers and homemade "swamp bikes" to move between bridges and cars outside the flooded area.
- Burt County Missouri River Bridge (Mile 691) between Nebraska and Iowa near Decatur, Nebraska
- Mormon Bridge (Mile 622) between Nebraska and northern Iowa Omaha, Nebraska (Interstate 680)
- Pedestrian Bridge Bob Kerrey (Mile 616) - a crossing bridge between downtown Omaha and Council Bluffs that has been the scene of flood waters but temporarily closed on 30 June while river debris is cleared from its base. The Council Bluffs side closed on 2 July due to flooding on that side. It reopened September 3rd.
- Nebraska City Bridge (Mile 561) between Nebraska and Iowa (near Nebraska City, Nebraska)
- Brownville bridge (Mile 535) between Nebraska and Missouri in Brownville, Nebraska
- The Rulo Bridge (Mile 497) between Nebraska and Missouri in Rulo, Nebraska
- Amelia Earhart Bridge (Mile 422) between Kansas and Missouri in Atchison, Kansas. The bridge is open between Atchison and a small community in Winthrop, Missouri, across the bridge; However, access to Kansas City or St. Joseph on the Missouri side via US Highway 59 is closed. Winthrop residents were evacuated on 27 June.
Short term interruptions/interruptions
- Blair Bridge (Route 30 AS) (Mile 648) - The bridge is closed for 27 June-1 July when flood hindrances are established in Iowa. It also closed again 6-7 July to further support the work.
- Bellevue Bridge (Mile 602) - The bridge was closed June 27 - July 2 due to floods and sandbags on Iowa Highway 370. The flood at Haworth Park at the bridge's base in Bellevue, Nebraska, has water to the top of its basketball ring on 2 July.
- Pony Express Bridge (Mile 448) - South bound exit at Elwood, Kansas, temporarily closed on June 28 while storm water can be pumped out
- Centennial Bridge (Leavenworth, Kansas) (Mile 396) - The work of unscheduled plastering on the bridge has begun in May before the flood and traffic has been reduced to a single track. Since it is one of the few bridges open to traffic between Omaha and Kansas City, the work on the bridge was stopped unlimited on 1 July.
Stages and effects of flooding by states
Montana
On May 22, 2011, the Little Bighorn River and surrounding tributaries flooded the Crow Agency and closed Interstate 90 between Hardin and the Wyoming line of state. 26 May floods on the Musselshell River flooding part of the Roundup. The waters of the Shields River that entered the Yellowstone River created a flood that partially closed off Interstate 90 from Livingston to Springdale. Flooding in Pryor Creek, another tributary of Yellowstone prompted the closure of the Pompeys Pillar National Monument.
North Dakota
On May 10, President Barack Obama announced many disaster areas in North Dakota over floods that began on 14 February and continued.
Some of the most dramatic floods in North Dakota are on the Souris River that is close to Missouri but not a tributary that flows north to the Assiniboine River in Canada, which also flooded before. 10,000 people in Minot were evacuated on 1 June. On June 20 after their return, officials announced that the new symbol of the recent heavy rains would cause the river to be higher than the first peak. On June 21, 12,000 people, a quarter of the city's population, were ordered to evacuate after Lake Darling Dam had to increase its water release. Amtrak discontinues service at Empire Builder via Minnesota, North Dakota, and eastern Montana.
South Dakota
On June 1, nearly 3,000 people at Pierre and Fort Pierre were evacuated.
On June 3, South Dakota governor Dennis Daugaard urged residents in the Dakota Dunes Country Club (which is under Gavins Point Dam) to evacuate. He noted that it was probably two months before they could return.
On June 21, South Dakota reported the first flood victims when two women drowned in Lyman County, South Dakota, after they drove their car on a wet road. The death toll is not associated with flooding and an upgraded release on the Missouri River, but is linked to flash floods from heavy rains according to the Lyman County Herald of Presho, S.D.
On the same day Pierre, South Dakota, officials estimated the cost of the flood would be $ 13.2 million for the community.
On June 30, the spillway at Bend Big Bend was temporarily closed for inspection.
Iowa
On June 10, Casino WinnaVegas, owned by the Winnebago Tribe of Nebraska, near Sloan, is inaccessible. Shortly after, a yellow amphibious vehicle known locally as "Duck" was used to provide transport from Sloan across the flood to the casino. The Duck now makes an annual appearance as a float in the homecoming parade of Winnebago High School.
On June 4, near River Mile 575 (near Hamburg), the main embankment suffered a partial collapse. One June 5, he suffered a second partial collapse. On June 7, he suffered a third partial collapse. Finally, on June 13, he suffered total destruction and had a margin of 300 feet (91 m). After the first partial collapse, the Engineer Corps started an emergency contract to raise the embankment immediately around the city to protect it from about 10 feet (3.0 m) of flood water.
On June 22, a mandatory evacuation for all residents in Mills County between Interstate 29 and the Missouri River was announced.
On June 25, the dike embankment north of Council Bluffs flooded the Harrison County area that could affect the US Route 30 that links Blair, Nebraska, and the Missouri Valley, Iowa. DeSoto National Wildlife Reserve is also affected by the break in the embankment.
On June 27, officials said the water "could begin to degenerate" on the emergency embankment in Hamburg on its western side. The Nishnabotna River on the east side is reported to be two feet above the flood surface.
On July 1, the main dike near Percival (16 miles north of Hamburg) was breached in the early hours of the morning and added to the flooding conditions of the Hamburg break-in. The offense occurred despite a month-long battle by locals.
On July 1, the privately owned Vanmann # 30 at Mile Marker 637 to 637.5 on the Iowa side, about 10 miles of streams south of the reactor, was detonated by the local embankment authority. Destruction of the embankment is done to reduce flooding in the bend of the river where water is stagnant on farmland and creates a large water pool that is directly opposite to the reactor. Authorities initially reported a 3-to-4-inch (76 to 102 mm) rise in the river after the levees were detonated. Both the US Army Corps of Engineers and the Iowa Department of Natural Resources say they do not arrange embankments. The floods on the Iowa side have been a source of great concern after the June 25 levee upstream of a reactor near the Missouri Valley, Iowa, prompting the evacuation of 18 houses, the temporary closure of the Blair Bridge (while flood walls were built to protect Iowa). approach) and closing DeSoto National Wildlife Refuge on DeSoto Bend. They have raised the height of the embankment to anticipate flooding, but after the upstream violation they have asked permission to lower it so that water can flow back into the river. When both Iowa and Corps said they had no authority over it the embankment board blew it up at around 10 am on July 1st. Pottawattamie County, Iowa, officials initially said they were told only minutes before the levee was blown up, but those who supervised the embankment had told Harrison County, Iowa, the previous official.
On July 1, the Corps reported that the river runoff for June was the largest each month on the river below Sioux City since the record began in 1898. The June runoff was 13.8 million feet (17.0 km 3 ), beating the record of April 1952 13.100.000 acre feet (16.2 km 3 ). The third highest record was 10,500,000 acre feet (13.0 km 3 ) set in May 2011. The combined roll for May and June was 24.3 million acre feet (30.0 km 3 ). Normally throughout the year is 24,800,000 acre feet (30.6 km 3 ).
On July 11, officials at Sioux Gateway Airport said they were experiencing higher ticket sales. They speculate that the driving difficulties of the Sioux City and Omaha have spurred the increase.
When the floods began to recede in late August, flood damage to the Interstate 29 and 680 highways north of Council Bluffs, Iowa, is widely reported. Flooding the flood damage of interstate systems to county streets in Pottawattamie County alone is estimated at 40 million dollars in repair costs.
Nebraska
On June 2, Scouts Rest Ranch, Buffalo Bill's home near the Platte River in North Platte, was closed due to flood worries. The exhibits were moved and the embankment was built around the building. On July 13, officials said the floods were not as bad as expected.
On June 4, Omaha city officials began issuing 6,000,000 US gallons (23,000 m 3 ) of raw waste per day to the river from its plant in South Omaha. The city produces about 86,000,000 gallons of US (330,000 m 3 ) a day, but only a small portion is dumped into the river. Omaha City installed a giant water pump east of the Qwest Center Omaha to evacuate storms and waterways directly to the Missouri River. On June 22, the city estimated that 3 million dollars had been spent directly for the floods.
On June 9, Nebraska reported a death-related first event when a worker was killed while working on a levee at Fort Calhoun when his truck overturned.
The flood affected the Fort Calhoun Nuclear Generating Station near Fort Calhoun, Nebraska, where factory land is flooded with flooding, however, the plant has been in safe shutdown mode for refueling since April 2011. On June 6, the Federal Aviation Administration placed the flight restrictions over a factory within a 2 mile (3.2 km) radius where the aircraft can not fly lower than 3,500 feet (1,100 m) above the plant. On June 7, a fire broke out in the factory switchroom equipment, prompting the Nuclear Regulatory Commission to declare "Warning", which is level 2 on the NRC emergency classification. Officials for factory owners, Omaha Public Power District (OPPD), are confident that sufficient redundancies already exist to ensure adequate security. The elevation of the complex is altitude of 1.004-feet (306 m) above sea level and on June 19 the river has risen to 1,005.5 feet (306.5 m). Officials from OPPD stated that the Calhoun plant can handle water up to 1,014 feet (309 m). Height 8 feet (2.4 m) and a 2,000 foot (610 m) rubber dike surround the reactor building. On June 23 a helicopter used by OPPD to survey the transmission line made an unplanned landfall of 1.5 miles (2.4 km) south of the plant. The helicopter was photographed lying on his side but there were no reports of injuries. On June 26, a 2,000-foot (610 m) long rubber embankment at the factory collapsed after being punctured by small soil movers ("Bobcat"). Reported more than 2 feet (0.61 m) of water running around buildings and electrical transformers. The backup generator is then used to ensure the facility maintains electric power for cooling. NRC officials were in the factory at the time and the NRC statement said the plant was safe. NRC chairman Gregory Jaczko confirmed the plant's safety when he visited the plant on 27 June. On June 29, officials planned to close the Blair Bridge in the north of the plant that effectively made the river impossible to drive 100 miles (160 km) from Sioux City to Omaha - although officials said they hoped to set up a flood barrier to reopen it.
At Cooper Nuclear Station, the Nebraska Public Power District (NPPD) nuclear plant near Brownville, the "Notification of Unusual Event" (the most serious of the NRC emergency classification) was released on June 19 due to flooding. Similar to the situation at Fort Calhoun, the FAA placed a temporary ban zone flying within 2 miles (3.2 km) of the plant on 7 June. The official said, "There is no threat to plant employees or to the public, the plant continues to operate safely." In preparation for floods more than 5,000 tons (4,500,000 kg) of sand was purchased for barricades and Hesco obstacles protect facilities at the plant. The factory is 13 feet (4.0 m) above the natural grade. On June 19, the river was reported to be 11.5 feet (3.5 m) above the flood stage at Brownville. The Cooper plant sits at an altitude of 903 feet (275 m) above sea level. The river reached 900.56 feet (274.49 m) on June 19 before falling slightly to 900.4 feet (274.4 m) on June 20. At 9:47 am, July 12, the plant ended its emergency status as the river had fallen to 895.8 feet. - 3 feet lower than the emergency status level.
On June 23, the 3-mile (4.8 km) main dike north of Brownville bridge was breached, prompting evacuation in Atchison County, MO.
On June 27, officials said 12 of the 70 planned dewatering wells at Eppley Airfield in Omaha functioned. The well water pump gathers around the airport above the wall embankment back to the Missouri River.
On June 29, Nebraska reported its first flood-related death when the corpse of a 26-year-old fisherman was found in a river near the Nemaha Kecil River in Nemaha.
On July 1, the flood level in Omaha reached 36.29 feet (11.06 m), higher than 30.26 feet (9.22 m) on July 10, 1993, during the 1993 flood but was lower than the all time record 40.2 feet (12.3 m) on April 18, 1952.
On July 2, the Corps of Engineers awarded a $ 1.4 million contract to support a 14-mile embankment system around Eppley Airfield with a seepage of seepage that allows water to seep through the embankment but hold the embankment material in place. The action came after the Corps reported there were some sand boils at the side of the embankment airport.
On July 3, Lindbergh Road rings Eppley by the embankment closed so that work can be continued on 70 relief wells by the embankment.
On July 5, the National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency reported that 265 square miles (690 km 2 ) from Nebraska had been flooded by floods in Missouri and the Platte River. At the same time NASA released a flood satellite photograph from Landsat 5 which shows flooding from Blair to Plattsmouth until 30 June.
On July 9, the Corps of Engineers said the water behind the reservoir had peaked on July 2 with just 1.5 percent remaining for flood storage. On July 9, the available storage increased to 3.1 percent. Officials said they planned to begin reducing the water flowing into the Gavins Dam but noted that water entering Gavins Point would fill it in 1.5 days if the reservoir was empty.
On July 11, USGS researchers in New York, Omaha World-Herald, who studied the unique aspect of the flood. Among their findings:
- the flood waters mostly from the back of the dam are much clearer than the traditional mud that gives Missouri its Big Muddy nickname;
- The river usually flows at 4 miles (6.4 km) per hour but in the early days the flood was flowing at 11.6 miles (18.7 km) per hour
- the depth of the river channel in Nebraska City is usually 12 to 16 feet (3.7 to 4.9 m) and, during high water, it can be 25 to 30 feet (7.6-1.9 m) but during this event they recorded a depth of 66 feet (20 m).
On July 13, OPPD said it had spent $ 26 million in June as a result of floods affecting its power plant in the river ($ 20 million in the work of protecting its plant and $ 6 million in replacing lost generating capacity). OPPD has two coal mills both larger than Fort Calhoun in Nebraska City. One railway line that provides coal is covered with water and utilities want to raise that path. The factories get coal through parallel channels.
In Omaha, after peaking at 36.29 feet (11.06 m) on July 2, 2011, the river is still over 3 feet (0.91 m) above the 29 foot (8.8 m) flood stage on 28 August.
Missouri
On June 6, the Kansas City Corps of Engineers sent a letter from the Real Estate Division to landowners along the river in northwest Missouri, informing them that through the 1986 Water Resources Development Act through the Missouri River and River River Stabilization and River Navigation Project Missouri. and the Wildlife Mitigation Project that they are looking for willing sellers to land "for the enhancement of fish and wildlife habitats for aquatic species such as sturgeon pucid." The letters arrived just as the floods began to peak in Atchison County and were later heavily criticized by state and federal politicians. The Corps reported that only 14 letters were sent.
Interstate 29 closed in early June from Iowa Highway 2 (across the Missouri River from Nebraska City, Nebraska) to Rock Port, Missouri.
The Coast Guard of the United States closes the river to sailors from Gavins Point Dam (Mile Post 850) to Mile Post 450 near St. Louis. Joseph, Missouri.
Residents of Big Lake (who had been evacuated during several floods including one in 2010) were evacuated in May. On June 16, 2011, the public filed an order in Holt County against BNSF after a railway line upped the community by 20 inches (510 mm) in preparation for the flood. Big Lake officials said the elevation would create a "tub" effect, trapping the water in the community.
On 19 June the embankment at Atchison County was breached and the levee protecting the Great Lakes was violated near Corning, Missouri, at Mile Marker 550. The peak at Brownville at 44.6 ft (13.6 m) is the highest in the history of the river there. (Breaking the 1993 record). This prompted officials to close two of Missouri's most northerly bridges in the state, Brownville Bridge (US 136) and Rulo Bridge (US 159). The river has risen over two feet in 24 hours in Atchison County. Officials said a surge in the river occurred when heavy rains in northern Iowa caused a massive upsurge on the Nishnabotna River, which entered the Missouri River in Atchison County near Watson.
On June 21, 300 Craig residents in Holt County were ordered to evacuate.
On June 24, Lewis and Clark State Park near Rushville were closed.
On 26 June the BNSF had to close its main railway line to provide coal for Iatan Powerplant (via Rulo) in Kansas City after the river widened in Holt County up nearly 5 miles by the Big Lake.
On June 27, the casino casino of St. Jo Frontier Terrible closed. The levee roof pushed the closure of Lewis and Clark Village, Missouri. The population of Lake Sugar in the Buchanan region is also under voluntary evacuation orders
On June 28, Squaw Creek National Wildlife Sanctuary in Holt County closed its tour route around the pool stating that it no longer controlled the water level in its pond and that it expects "critical habitat damage in our management area including moist soil units, grasslands wet, and other priceless wildlife habitats and most of the habitats will be submerged. "
On June 28, the Corps ordered Ameren to stop all outflows (including power plants) from the Bagnell Dam on the Osage River until at least July 5.
On June 29, officials at Missouri's largest coal power plant in Iatan, Missouri, sent 40 of its 135 employees home because of fears that the river would cut off access on Missouri Route 45. Employees park a mile from the factory shuttled in.
On June 30, St. Joseph News-Press reports that the Holt County residents have dubbed the flood of "Corpstrina" (pronounced Kor-TRINA) that awakens the Engineer Corps that governs the river and Hurricane Katrina disaster.
On July 2, Amtrak announced that a two mile (3 km) track between Kansas City and St. Louis. Louis was flooded between Myrick (west of Lexington) and Marshall. The train stopped 311 and 316 trains from the Missouri River Runner, but continued to maintain other traffic through trains transferred to the Sedalia subdivision.
On July 3, the fireworks show planned at Richard Berkley Riverfront Park in Kansas City went according to plan and included the opening of a new lighting scheme at Christopher Bond Bridge (Mile 365). The peak in Kansas City from 32.46 feet (9.89 m) on July 2 was well below the peak of all time Kansas City from 48.87 feet (14.90 m) in 1993.
On the 4th of July. Charles held a fireworks show on the river bank on the river - though it moved back to Riverside Drive from Frontier Park. It was crested there on July 3 at 28.03 feet (8.54 m) - well below its peak of 40.11 in 1884 and 40.04 feet (12.20 m) in 1993.
On July 6, an offense in Atchison County that began on June 19 widened to 600 feet (180 m). The Missouri National Guard Blackhawk helicopter was used to carry a 2,000 pound sands of sand to reinforce the Sugar Tree levee in Carroll County, Missouri, near Mile 300 in Norborne after a third of the land part of the gliding embankment.
On July 11, Coast Guard closed the river above Glasgow, Missouri, at Mile 226 for navigation.
Kansas
On June 22, Leavenworth closed Sherman Army Airfield. On June 29 the dike was breached and the water reached a previously evacuated hangar.
On June 29, Elwood, Kansas, the southern exit to the Pony Express Bridge was temporarily closed to pump water that had accumulated from the rain. Elwood also underwent a voluntary evacuation. 200 National Guard troops are deployed to Doniphan County to assist in evacuation. 400 of the 1,200 residents of Elwood were voluntarily evacuated.
Amelia Earhart Bridge at Atchison has been closed effectively on 28 June. The closure of the Missouri River bridge is the result of a flood on the approach and not the bridge itself. However, on June 29 photographs began to circulate that Atchison Union Pacific railway bridge located in the lowlands close to the water level. Union Pacific has embargoed its main railway line between St. Joseph and Kansas City.
On July 1, the Corps of Engineers reported that every non-federal dike from Rulo to Wolcott, Kansas, in Wyandotte County, Kansas, on either side of the river was either punctured or violated. Included in the overtoppings is the Kansas Department of Correction landed under the Lansing Correctional Facility in Lansing, Kansas. Other reports indicate that the only overtopped federal embankment is that at Fort Leavenworth by Sherman Army Airfield.
References
External links
- Spring 2011 Flood Information (Corps of Engineers - Omaha)
- Spring 2011 Flood Information (Corps of Engineers - Kansas City)
- The full MightyMoRiver project is sourced (supported by Ushahidi)
Source of the article : Wikipedia
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