Foxing

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Hacking is a age-related deterioration process that causes freckles and is brown on old paper documents such as books, stamps, and certificates. This name may come from a fox-like reddish brown color, or rust-iron oxide that may be involved. The affected paper is called "hacked".

Though unsightly and a negative factor in the value of paper items for collectors, the fox does not affect the actual integrity of the paper.

The fox also occurs in the skin of biological studies or specimens, as the effects of chemical or fungal reactions on melanin.

Apart from foxes, other kinds of age-related damage to the paper include the destruction of lignin by sunlight and absorb atmospheric pollution, usually causing the paper to become brown and collapsing at the edges, and acid-related damage to cheap paper such as newsprint, produced without neutralizing acidic contaminants.

Video Foxing

Causes of the fox

The cause of the fox is not well understood. One theory is that foxes are caused by mold growth on paper. Another theory is that foxes are caused by effects on certain papers from the oxidation of iron, copper, or other substances in the pulp or fabric from which the paper was made. There are several possible factors involved. High humidity can cause foxes.

Maps Foxing

Fixed fox documents

The fox document can be repaired, with greater or lesser success, using sodium borohydride, or exclusive bleach, aqueous hydrogen peroxide or laser. Each method risks side effects or damage to paper or ink.

Another method is to scan the image and process the image using a high-end image processing program. This can usually remove the fox effect while leaving the text and images intact.

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In biological specimens

It is generally not recommended to improve the research specimen, except for mechanical damage. Type the specimen should - if possible - not be changed in any way. If the fox influences the value of the study of the specimen (eg in birds or mammals or on insects, where it may affect the diagnostic color), this may be more commented on the specimen label. Color standards can provide a means for documenting staining before or in the early stages of a fox.

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See also

• List of book conditions used

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References

src: media.npr.org

External links

• Antique Roadshow: 'Antiques Speak'
• Library of Congress: 'Preserving Jobs on Paper'
• Hacked

Source of the article : Wikipedia