Hurricane Sandy (unofficially referred to as Superstorm Sandy ) is the deadliest and most devastating storm in the 2012 Atlantic hurricane season. Attacking nearly $ 70 billion (2012 USD) in damage, it is the second largest storm recorded in the United States to be surpassed by hurricanes Harvey and Maria in 2017. The eighteenth-named storm, the tenth storm, and the second major storm this year, Sandy is a Category 3 hurricane at its peak intensity when it makes landfall in Cuba. While it was a Category 2 storm off the coast of the Northeastern United States, the storm became the largest Atlantic storm on record (as measured in diameter, with tropical storm winds stretching as far as 900 miles (1,400 km)). At least 233 people died along storm roads in eight countries.
Sandy progressed from a tropical wave in the western Caribbean Sea on October 22, quickly reinforced, and upgraded to Tropical Storm Sandy six hours later. Sandy moved slowly north toward the Great Antilles and gradually increased. On October 24th, Sandy became a typhoon, making landfall near Kingston, Jamaica, reappearing hours later into the Caribbean Sea and reinforced into Category 2 hurricanes. On October 25th, Sandy hit Cuba as a category 3 hurricane, then weakened to category 1 hurricane. early October 26, Sandy moved to the Bahamas. On October 27, Sandy briefly weakened into a tropical storm and then reinforced the category 1 storm. Beginning on October 29, Sandy curled west-northwest ("left turn" or "left hook") and then moved to the beach near Brigantine , New Jersey, just to the northeast Atlantic City, as a post-tropical cyclone with the force of a windstorm.
In Jamaica, winds leave 70% of the population without electricity, blowing roofs from buildings, killing one, and causing about $ 100 million (2012 USD) in damages. Sandy's outer band brought floods to Haiti, killing at least 54 people, causing food shortages, and causing some 200,000 homeless; The storm also caused two deaths in the Dominican Republic. In Puerto Rico, a man was swept by a swollen river. In Cuba, there are vast coastal floods and wind damage in the interior, destroying about 15,000 homes, killing 11 people, and causing damages of $ 2 billion (2012 USD). Sandy caused two deaths and estimated damage of $ 700 million (2012 USD) in the Bahamas.
In the United States, Hurricane Sandy affects 24 states, including the entire east coast from Florida to Maine and west across the Appalachian Mountains to Michigan and Wisconsin, with severe damage in New Jersey and New York. The storm surge hit New York City on October 29, flooding the streets, tunnels and subway lines and cutting power inside and around the city. Damage in the United States reached $ 65 billion (2012 USD). In Canada, two were killed in Ontario and about $ 100 million (2012 CAD) in damage caused across Ontario and Quebec.
Video Hurricane Sandy
Meteorological history
The Sandy Storm began as a low pressure system that developed sufficient organized convection to be classified as Tropical Depression Eighteen on October 22, south of Kingston, Jamaica. It moved slowly at first because of the ridge to the north. Low shear winds and warm water make it possible to strengthen, and the system was named Tropical Storm Sandy on October 22nd. Beginning on October 24th, eyes began to expand, and it moved northward because of the approaching trough. Later that day, the National Hurricane Center (NHC) elevated Sandy to a stormy state of about 65 mi (105 km) south of Kingston, Jamaica. At about 1900 UTC that day, Sandy made a landing near Kingston with winds of around 85 mph (140 km/h). Just off the coast of Cuba, Sandy quickly intensified into winds of 115 mph (185 km/h), and at that intensity made the landing just west of Santiago de Cuba at 0525 UTC on 25 October. Operationally, Sandy is considered to have peaked as high. - List 2 storms with maximum wind speed of 110 mph (175 km/h).
After Sandy left Cuba, the structure became irregular, and turned north-northwest over the Bahamas. On October 27, Sandy is no longer fully tropical, as evidenced by the development of frontal structures in the outer circulation. Despite the strong shear, Sandy maintains convection because of the influence of an approaching trough; the same thing that turned the storm to the northeast. After briefly weakening into a tropical storm, Sandy re-intensified into a storm, and on October 28 eyes began to be redeveloped. The storm moves around the low upper levels above the eastern United States and also in the southwest of the ridge above the Atlantic Canada, turning it to the northwest. Sandy briefly re-intensified into Category 2 intensity on the morning of October 29, around that time has become a very large storm with a wind diameter of more than 1,000 miles (1,609 km), and an incredibly low barometric pressure of 940 mbar, possibly due to the size of the system Very large. This pressure sets the record for many cities across the Northeast United States for the lowest pressure ever observed. Convection was reduced while the storm drove to the coast of New Jersey, and hurricanes are no longer tropical at 2100 UTC on 29 October. About 2 1/2 hours later, Sandy landed near Brigantine, New Jersey, with a wind 80 mph (130 km/h). h). Over the next four days, Sandy's remains drift north and then northeast over Ontario, before joining another low-pressure area in Eastern Canada on November 2.
Forecast
On October 23, 2012, Hurricane Sandy's path was correctly predicted by the European Center for Medium Term Weather Range (ECMWF), headquartered in Reading, England nearly eight days before attacking the East Coast of America. The computer model noted that the storm would turn westward towards the mainland and invade New York/New Jersey region on October 29, rather than turn east and head for the open Atlantic because of the majority of storms in this position. On October 27, four days after the ECMWF made the prediction, the National Weather Service and the National Hurricane Center confirmed the cyclone path predicted by the European model. The National Weather Service was criticized for not using the higher resolution approximate model as did its counterparts in Europe. Upgrades of hardware and software completed by the end of 2013 allow the weather service to make more accurate predictions, and do far more than the technology allowed in 2012.
Relationship with global warming
According to NCAR's senior climate expert Kevin E. Trenberth, "The answer to a frequently asked question about whether an event is caused by climate change is that it is a wrong question.Every weather events are affected by climate change because the environment in which they occur is warmer and "Although NOAA meteorologist Martin Hoerling links Sandy with" little more than the coincidence of tropical storm coincidence with an extratropic storm ", Trenberth agrees that the storm was caused by" natural variability "but added that it was" enhanced by global warming ". One of the factors contributing to storm power is the abnormal sea surface temperature off the East Coast of the United States - more than 3 Ã, Â ° C (5Ã, Â ° F) above normal, where global warming has contributed 0, 6 Ã, Â ° C (1 Â ° F). As atmospheric temperature increases, the capacity to hold water increases, leading to stronger storms and higher amounts of rainfall.
As they move north, Atlantic hurricanes are usually forced east and out into the sea by the Surviving Westerlies. In Sandy's case, this distinctive pattern is blocked by high-pressure ridges over Greenland resulting in negative Atlantic Oscillations, forming a jet in the jet stream, causing it to replicate itself from the East Coast. Sandy is trapped in this northwestern stream. The Greenland blocking pattern also stops the Arctic front combined with the cyclone. Mark Fischetti of Scientific American says that the unusual shape of jet flow is caused by the melting of Arctic ice. Trenberth says that while negative Southern Atlantic Oscillation and blocking anticyclones are in place, the null hypothesis remains that this is just natural variability from the weather. Sea levels in New York and along the coast of New Jersey have increased by almost one foot (300 mm) over the last hundred years, contributing to the storm surge. Harvard geologist Daniel P. Schrag calls the 13 foot (4 m) Hurricane Storm as an example of what will, by the middle of the century, be "the new norm on the East coast".
Maps Hurricane Sandy
Preparation
Caribbean Caribbean and Bermuda
After the storm became a tropical cyclone on October 22, the Jamaican Government issued a tropical storm watch for the entire island. On October 23, watches were replaced with tropical storm warnings and storm watches were issued. At 1500 UTC, storm watches were upgraded to a storm warning, while tropical storm warnings were stopped. In preparation for the storm, many residents stockpile inventories and reinforce roofing materials. Acting Prime Minister Peter Phillips urges people to respond to this storm seriously, and also to keep their neighbors, especially parents, children, and disabled people. Government officials closed schools, government buildings, and airports in Kingston the day before Sandy's arrival. Meanwhile, many curfew and early hours are in place to protect the population, property, and to prevent crime. Shortly after Jamaica issued its first airtime on October 22, the Haitian Government issued a tropical storm watch for Haiti. At the end of October 23, it was transformed into a tropical storm warning.
The Cuban government posted storm watches for Cuba Province CamagÃÆ'¼ey, Granma, Guantánamo, HolguÃÆ'n, Las Tunas, and Santiago de Cuba at 1500Ã, UTC on 23rd October. Only three hours later, the storm watch turned to the storm. WARNING. The Bahamas, at 1500Ã,Â, UTC on October 23, issued a tropical storm observation for several Bahamas, including Acklins, Cat Island, Crooked Island, Exuma, Inagua, Long Cay, Long Island, Mayaguana, Ragged Island, Rum Cay and San Salvador Island. Later that day, other tropical storm watches were issued to the Abaco Islands, Andros Island, Berry Islands, Bimini, Eleuthera, Grand Bahama, and New Providence. Early on 24 October, the observation of tropical storms for Cat Island, Exuma, Long Island, Rum Cay, and San Salvador was upgraded to a tropical storm warning.
At 1515 UTC on October 26, the Weather Service Bermuda issued a tropical storm observation for Bermuda, reflecting the size of a very large storm and the expected widespread impact.
United States
Most of the East Coast of the United States, in the Mid-Atlantic region and New England, have a good chance of receiving strong winds, floods, heavy rain and possibly snow in early October 28 of the unusual Hurricane hybrid. Sandy and winter storms produce the Fujiwhara effect. Government forecasters say there is a 90% chance that the East Coast will be affected by the storm. Jim Cisco of the Hydrometeorology Prediction Center coined the term "Frankenstorm", because Sandy is expected to join the storm ahead a few days before Halloween. As coverage continues, some media begin to distance themselves from this term for "storms". Utilities and governments along the East Coast are trying to counter the long-term power failure that may be caused by Sandy. Power companies from the Southeast to New England warned independent contractors to be ready to help repair the damage to storm equipment quickly and asked employees to cancel vacations and work longer hours. Researchers from Johns Hopkins University, using computer models built on power outage data from previous storms, conservatively predicted that 10 million customers along the East Coast would lose power from the storm.
Through regional offices in Atlanta, Philadelphia, New York City and Boston, the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) monitors Sandy, in close coordination with state and tribal emergency management partners in Florida and the Southeast, Mid-Atlantic and New states England. President Obama signed an emergency declaration on October 28 for some countries that are expected to be affected by Sandy, allowing them to seek federal help and make additional preparations before the storm. Flight cancellations and travel alerts on the East Coast of the USA are installed in the Mid-Atlantic and New England regions. More than 5,000 commercial aviation flights scheduled for October 28 and October 29 were canceled on the afternoon of October 28 and Amtrak canceled some services until October 29 in preparation for the storm. In addition, the National Guard and the US Air Force put as many as 45,000 personnel in at least seven countries who are wary of possible tasks in response to preparations and after Sandy.
Southeast
Florida
The school at Treasure Coast announced the closure for October 26 in anticipation of Sandy. Russian intelligence gathering ships were allowed to live in Jacksonville to avoid Sandy; harbor not far from Kings Bay Naval Submarine Base.
Carolinas
At 0900 UTC on October 26, a tropical storm watch was ejected from the mouth of the Savannah River in South Carolina to Oregon Inlet, North Carolina, including Pamlico Sound. Twelve hours later, part of watching a tropical storm from the Santee River in South Carolina to Duck, North Carolina, including Pamlico Sound, was upgraded to a warning. North Carolina Governor Beverly Perdue declared a state of emergency for the 38 eastern counties on October 26, which came into effect the following day. On October 29, an emergency was extended to 24 counties in western North Carolina, with 30 feet (cm) of snow Sandy anticipated at higher altitudes. The National Park Service closes at least five parts of the Blue Ridge Parkway.
Virginia
On Oct. 26, Virginia Governor Bob McDonnell declared a state of emergency. The US Navy sent more than twenty-seven ships and troops into the sea from Naval Station Norfolk for their protection. Governor McDonnell authorized the National Guard to activate 630 personnel ahead of the storm. Republican presidential candidate Mitt Romney canceled a campaign scheduled for October 28 in Virginia Beach, Virginia, and New Hampshire on October 30 because of Sandy. Vice President Joe Biden canceled his performance on October 27 in Virginia Beach and an October 29 campaign campaign in New Hampshire. President Barack Obama canceled a campaign with former President Bill Clinton in Virginia scheduled for October 29, as well as a trip to Colorado Springs, Colorado, the next day due to a coming storm.
Mid-Atlantic
Washington Washington, D.C. Washington Washington DC, Washington DC, Washington DC, Washington DC, Washington DC.On October 26, DC Mayor Vincent Gray declared a state of emergency, signed by President Obama on October 28. United States Personnel Management Office announced a federal office in Washington, DC will be closed to the public on 29 October. -30. In addition, Metro Washington D.C. services, both rail and bus, were canceled on October 29 due to expected high winds, the possibility of widespread electricity, and the closure of the federal government. The Smithsonian Institution is closed for 29 October.
Maryland
Maryland Governor Martin O'Malley declared a state of emergency on October 26. The following day, the population of Smith Island was evacuated with the help of the Maryland Natural Resources Police, Dorchester County opened two shelters for those in flood-prone areas, and the City Ocean started Phase I of their Emergency Operations Plan. Baltimore Gas and Electric Co. put the workers on standby and make plans to bring crews from other countries. On October 28, President Obama declared a state of emergency in Maryland and signed an order authorizing the Federal Emergency Management Agency to assist in disaster response efforts. Also, many areas ordered to be evacuated include sections of Ocean City, Worcester County, Wicomico County, and Somerset County. Officials warn that over a hundred million tons of soiled sediment mixed with tree branches and debris floating behind the Conowingo Dam can eventually be poured into the Chesapeake Bay, posing a potential environmental threat.
The Transit Administration of Maryland cancels all services for October 29 and October 30. The cancellations are applied to Amtrak and MARC buses, light rail and train services. On October 29, six shelters opened in Baltimore, and early elections were canceled for the day. Maryland Insurance Commissioner Therese M. Goldsmith enables emergency regulations that require pharmacies to recharge recipes regardless of their last refill date. On October 29, the Chesapeake Bay Bridge in Chesapeake Bay and Millard E. Tydings Memorial Bridge and Thomas J. Hatem Memorial Bridge above Susquehanna River are closed for traffic at noon.
Delaware
On October 28, Governor Markell declared a state of emergency, with the coastal areas of Sussex County evacuated. In preparation for the storm, Delaware Transportation Department suspended some of the weekend construction projects, removing traffic cones and barrels from construction sites, and removing some of the span-wire overhead marks in Sussex County. Delaware Route 1 via Delaware Seashore State Park was closed due to flooding. Delaware Road is closed to the public, except for emergency and essential personnel, and the toll on I-95 and Delaware Route 1 is exempt. The First State DART transit service is also suspended during a storm.
New Jersey
Preparations began on October 26, when officials in Cape May County advised residents on the barrier islands to evacuate. There are also voluntary evacuations for Mantoloking, Bay Head, Barnegat Light, Beach Haven, Harvey Cedars, Long Beach, Ship Bottom, and Stafford in Ocean County. New Jersey Governor Chris Christie ordered all inhabitants of the barrier island from Sandy Hook to Cape May to evacuate and shut down Atlantic City casinos. The toll is suspended in North State Park, and the Atlantic City West Expressway starts at 6 am on 28 October. President Obama signed an emergency declaration for New Jersey, allowing the state to request federal funds and other assistance for actions taken before the Sandy landings.
On October 28, Mayor Hoboken Dawn Zimmer ordered dwellers of underground and street level housing units to evacuate, due to possible flooding. On October 29, residents of Logan Town were ordered to evacuate. Jersey Central Power & amp; Light tells employees to get ready to work with extended shifts. Most schools, colleges and universities closed down on October 29 while at least 509 of the 580 school districts closed in October 30. Although tropical storm conditions are inevitable and hurricanes are likely, the National Hurricane Center does not issue tropical cyclone winds or warnings for New Jersey, as Sandy is thought to be an extratropist before the landing and thus would not be a tropical storm.
Pennsylvania
Preparation in Pennsylvania began when Governor Tom Corbett declared a state of emergency on October 26. Philadelphia Mayor Michael Nutter called on residents in low-lying and flood-prone areas to leave their homes in 1800 and October 28 and move to safer land. Philadelphia International Airport suspends all flight operations for 29 October. On October 29, Philadelphia closed its mass transportation system. On October 28, Harrisburg Mayor Linda D. Thompson declared a state of emergency disaster for the city come into effect on October 5, October 29. Electricity utilities in the state carry crews and equipment from other countries such as New Mexico, Texas, and Oklahoma, to aid restoration efforts.
New York
Governor Andrew Cuomo declared state of emergency and requested a pre-disaster declaration on October 26, signed by President Obama on that day. On October 27, major airlines canceled all flights in and out of JFK, LaGuardia and Newark-Liberty airports, and Metro North and Long Island Rail Roads services were suspended. Tappan Zee Bridge is closed, and then Brooklyn Battery Tunnel and Holland Tunnel are also closed. On Long Island, an evacuation was ordered for the South Shore, including the southern Sunrise Highway, north of Route 25A, and at an altitude of less than 16 feet (4.9 m) above sea level on the North Shore. In Suffolk County, evacuations are mandatory for residents of Fire Island and six cities. Most schools were closed in Nassau and Suffolk on 29 October.
New York City began taking precautions on October 26. Governor Cuomo ordered the closure of the MTA and its subway on October 28, and the MTA suspended all subway, bus and commuter services from 2300 UTC. After Hurricane Irene nearly drowned the subway and tunnel in 2011, the entrance and grates closed before Sandy, but still flooded. The PATH train station and service as well as the Port Authority Bus Terminal are closed in the morning hours of 29 October.
Then on October 28, officials activated the coastal emergency plan, with subway closures and evacuation of residents in the affected area of ​​Hurricane Irene in 2011. More than 76 open evacuation shelters around the city. On October 29, Mayor Michael Bloomberg ordered public schools to close and call for mandatory evacuation of Zone A, which consists of areas near the coastline or waterways. In addition, 200 National Guard troops are deployed in the city. NYU Langone Medical Center canceled all surgeries and medical procedures, except for emergency procedures. In addition, one of the NYU Langone Medical Center's backup generators failed on October 29, prompting the evacuation of hundreds of patients, including from various hospital intensive care units. US stock trades were suspended for Oct. 29-30.
New England
Connecticut Governor Dannel Malloy partially activated the State Emergency Operations Center on Oct. 26 and signed the Emergency Declaration the next day. On October 28, President Obama approved the Connecticut request for an emergency declaration, and hundreds of National Guard personnel were deployed. On October 29, Governor Malloy ordered road closures for all state highways. Many mandatory and partial evacuations were issued in towns throughout Connecticut.
Massachusetts Governor Deval Patrick ordered state offices to close on Oct. 29 and recommended that schools and private companies close. On October 28, President Obama issued the Pre-Emergency Emergency Declaration for Massachusetts. Several shelters were opened, and many schools were closed. The Massachusetts Bay Transport Authority closed all services on the afternoon of 29 October. On October 28, Vermont Governor Peter Shumlin, New Hampshire Governor John Lynch, and Maine Governor Paul LePage all declared a state of emergency.
Appalachia and Midwest
The National Weather Service issued a storm warning for Lake Huron on October 29 calling for a 26 foot (7.9 m) wave height, and possibly as high as 38 feet (12 m). The Michigan Lake wave is estimated at 19 feet (5.8 m), with a potential of 33 feet (10 m) on 30 October. Flood warning issued in Chicago on October 29, where the wave height is estimated to reach 18 to 23 feet. (5.5-7.0 m) in Cook County and 25 feet (7.6 m) in northwest Indiana. Gale warnings are issued to Lake Michigan and Green Bay in Wisconsin until the morning of October 31, and a 33-foot (10 m) wave in Milwaukee and 20 ft (6.1 m) in Sheboygan is predicted for October 30. The actual waves reach about 20 feet (6.1 m) but are less damaging than expected. The Pleasant Prairie village of Wisconsin is urging voluntary evacuation in the lakeside area, although few residents sign up, and little floods actually occur.
Michigan was affected by the winter storm system coming from the west, mixing with the cold airflow of the Arctic and colliding with Hurricane Sandy. The estimate slows down shipping traffic on the Great Lakes, as some ships seek shelter away from the summit, except those on Lake Superior. Detroit-based DTE Energy released 100 contract-line workers to assist companies in the eastern US with a storm response, and Consumers Energy did the same with more than a dozen employees and 120 contract employees. Due to widespread power cuts, many schools must be closed, especially in St. Clair County and the area along Lake Huron north of Detroit Metro.
As far as the western edge of Ohio, these areas are under the advisory breeze. All flights departing at Cleveland Hopkins International Airport were canceled until October 30 at 3pm.
West Virginia governor Earl Ray Tomblin declared a state of emergency before the storm on October 29. Up to 2 to 3 feet (0.6-0.9 m) of snow is predicted for mountainous areas of the state.
Canada
The Canadian Hurricane Center issued the first preliminary statement for Hurricane Sandy on October 25 from southern Ontario to Maritimes Canada, with the potential for heavy rain and strong winds. On October 29, Environment Canada issued a very severe wind warning for the Great Lakes and St. Lawrence corridor. Lawrence Valley, from Southwestern Ontario to Quebec City. On October 30, the Canadian Environment issued a storm surge warning along the mouth of the River St. Lawrence. Rainfall warnings are issued for the Charlevoix area in Quebec, as well as for some districts in New Brunswick, and Nova Scotia, where about 2 to 3 inches (51 to 76 mm) of rain are expected to occur. Warning of freezing rain is issued for part of Northern Ontario.
Impact
At least 233 people were killed across the United States, Caribbean and Canada, as a result of the storm.
Caribbean
Jamaica
Jamaica was the first country to be directly affected by Sandy, which was also the first storm to land on the island since Hurricane Gilbert, 24 years earlier. The trees and power grids were struck and the slums were heavily damaged, both from wind and heavy rains. More than 100 fishermen are stranded in the interior of Pedro Cays off the southern coast of Jamaica. The rocks that fell from the hillside smashed one person to death when he tried to enter his home in a rural village near Kingston. After 6 days, another death was recorded as a 27-year-old man, dying of electricity, trying to repair. The country's sole provider of electricity, Jamaica Public Service Company, reports that 70 percent of its customers do not have electricity. More than 1,000 people went to the shelter. The Jamaican authorities closed the island's international airport, and police ordered a 48-hour curfew in major cities to keep people away from the streets and prevent looting. Most of the buildings in the eastern part of the island lost their roofs. Damage is valued at about $ 100 million across the country.
Hispaniola
In Haiti, still recovering from the 2010 earthquake and the ongoing cholera outbreak, at least 54 people have died, and about 200,000 people have been displaced by four days of rain from Hurricane Sandy. Severe damage occurred in Port-Salut after the river overflowed on the banks of their rivers. In the capital of Port-au-Prince, the streets are flooded with torrential rains, and it is reported that "the whole south of the country is under water". Most of the tents and buildings in the city's vast refugee camps and neighborhoods Cità © Å © Soleil were flooded or leaked, a repetition of what happened at the beginning of the year during Hurricane Isaac's journey. Plants are also destroyed by storms and the country will appeal for emergency aid. Damage in Haiti is estimated at $ 750 million (USD), making it the most expensive tropical storm in Haitian history. Within a month after Sandy, the rise of cholera linked to the storm killed at least 44 people and infected more than 5,000 others.
In the Dominican Republic, two people were killed and 30,000 people were evacuated. A CNN employee estimates 70% of the roads in Santo Domingo are flooded. One person died in Juana DÃÆ'az, Puerto Rico after being washed away by a swollen river.
Cuban
At least 55,000 people were evacuated before the arrival of Hurricane Sandy. Moving ashore, the storm generated waves up to 29 feet (9 meters) and a 6 foot (2 meter) storm surge causing massive coastal flooding. There was extensive damage, especially to Santiago de Cuba where 132,733 houses were damaged, of which 15,322 were destroyed and 43,426 lost their roofs. Electricity and water services were eliminated, and most of the trees in the city were damaged. The total loss in the entire province of Santiago de Cuba is estimated at $ 2 billion (2012 USD). Sandy killed 11 people in the country - nine in Santiago de Cuba Province and two in Guantanimo Province; most of the victims were trapped in homes that were destroyed. This makes Sandy the deadliest storm that has plagued Cuba since 2005, when Hurricane Dennis killed 16 people.
Bahamas
NOAA Automated Station at Settlement Point on Grand Bahama Island reported ongoing winds of 49 mph (74 km/h) and a 63 mph (102 km/h) wind blow. One person died of falling from the roof while trying to repair the shutter window in the Lyford Cay area of ​​New Providence. Another died in the Queen's Cove area on Grand Bahama Island where he sank after a wave of sea trapping him in his apartment. Parts of the Bahamas lose power or cellular services, including power outages across the island in Bimini. Five houses were severely damaged near the City of Williams. The overall damage in the Bahamas is about $ 700 million (2012 USD), with the most severe damage in Cat Island and Exuma where many homes are heavily damaged by wind and storm surges.
Bermuda
Due to the size of the storm, Sandy also impact on Bermuda with strong winds and heavy rain. On October 28, a weak F0 tornado landed at Sandys Parish, damaging homes and businesses. Over a three day span, the storm generated 0.98 in (25 mm) rain at L.F. Wade. The strongest winds were recorded on October 29: sustained winds reached 37 mph (60 km/h) and gusts reached 58 mph (93 km/h), resulting in small scattered damage.
United States
A total of 24 US states are somehow influenced by Sandy. The storm caused tens of billions of dollars in damage in the United States, destroying thousands of homes, resulting in millions without electricity, and causing 71 deaths in nine states, including 49 in New York, 10 in New Jersey, 3 in Connecticut, - in Pennsylvania and Maryland, and 1 each in New Hampshire, Virginia and West Virginia. There are also 2 direct deaths from Sandy in the US coastal waters of the Atlantic Ocean, about 90 miles (150 km) from the coast of North Carolina, which is not counted in the US total. In addition, the storm produced 87 indirect deaths. Overall, a total of 160 people were killed by the storm, making Sandy the deadliest storm that hit the mainland of the United States since Hurricane Katrina in 2005 and the deadliest hit the US East Coast since Hurricane Agnes in 1972.
Due to flooding and other storm-related problems, Amtrak canceled all Acela Express, Northeast Regional, Keystone, and Shuttle services for 29 and 30 October. More than 13,000 flights were canceled across the United States on October 29, and more than 3,500 were canceled October 30. From 27 October to early November 1, the airline canceled a total of 19,729 flights, according to FlightAware.
As of October 31, over 6 million subscribers are still without power in 15 states and the District of Columbia. The countries with the most customers without electricity are New Jersey with 2,040,195 subscribers; New York with 1,933,147; Pennsylvania with 852,458; and Connecticut with 486,927.
The New York and Nasdaq Stock Exchanges reopened on October 31 after a two-day closing for the storm. More than 1,500 FEMA personnel are located along the East Coast working to support disaster preparedness and emergency response operations, including search and rescue, situational awareness, communication and logistical support. In addition, 28 teams containing 294 FEMA Corps members have been staged earlier to support Sandy's respondents. Three federal search and rescue forces are deployed in the Central Atlantic and ready for use as needed.
On November 2, the Red Cross announced that it had 4,000 disaster workers in all areas damaged by the storm, with thousands more on the journey from other states. Nearly 7,000 people overnight in makeshift shelters across the region.
Hurricane Sandy: Coming Together , a live telethon on November 2 featuring rock and pop stars such as Bruce Springsteen, Billy Joel, Jon Bon Jovi, Mary J. Blige, Sting and Christina Aguilera, raised about $ 23 million for the American Red Cross hurricane relief effort.
On November 5, 2012, the National Hurricane Center puts Hurricane Sandy as the second largest US storm since 1900 in constant 2010 dollars, and the sixth highest cost after adjusting for inflation, population and property values. Their report also states that due to global warming, the number of future hurricanes will "decrease or remain unchanged" as a whole, but those formed may be stronger, with stronger winds and more dense rain.
Scientists at the University of Utah report that the energy produced by Sandy is equivalent to "a small earthquake between magnitude 2 and 3".
Southeast
Florida
In South Florida, Sandy attacked the area with rough waves, strong winds, and short storms. Along the coast of Miami-Dade County, the waves reach 10 feet (3.0 m), but may be as high as 20 feet (6.1 m) in Palm Beach County. In the former area, small bangs occur on some coastal roads. Further north in Broward County, State Road A1A is flooded with sand and water, causing more than 2 miles (3.2 km) of stretches to be closed for the entire weekend. In addition, coastal floods extend up to 2 blocks in several locations and some houses in the area suffered water damage. In Manalapan, located in Palm Beach County south, some beachfront homes are threatened by erosion. The Lake Worth pier is also damaged by rough seas. In Palm Beach County alone, losses reached $ 14 million. Sandy led to the closure and cancellation of several activities at schools in Palm Beach, Broward and the Miami-Dade area. The storm surge from Sandy also caused flooding and coastal erosion along coastal areas in South Florida. Strong winds also affect South Florida, peaking at 67 mph (108 m/h) at Jupiter and Fowey Rocks Light, which is near Key Biscayne. The storm caused power outages across the region, causing many traffic lights to fail.
In mid-east Florida, minor damage, though the storm left about 1,000 people without electricity. Airlines at Miami International Airport canceled more than 20 flights to or from Jamaica or the Bahamas, while several airlines from Fort Lauderdale-Hollywood International Airport canceled a total of 13 flights to the islands. The Coast Guard rescued two seals in Volusia County from New Smyrna Beach on the morning of 26 October. Brevard and Volusia County schools canceled all extracurricular activities for October 26, including football.
Two panther kittens fled from the White Oak Conservation Center in Nassau County after the cyclone swept the trees onto their fence fence; they disappear for 24 hours before being found in good health.
North Carolina
On October 28, Governor Bev Perdue declared a state of emergency in 24 western districts, due to snow and strong winds.
North Carolina avoids major damage to most (except on the coastline directly), although wind, rain, and snow affect the state until October 30. Ocracoke and Highway 12 on Hatteras Island are flooded up to 2 feet (0.6). M) water, partially closed off the highway, while 20 people on a fishing trip were stranded on Portsmouth Island.
There are three deaths associated with Hurricane Sandy in the state.
On October 29, the Coast Guard responded to an emergency call from Bounty , built for the 1962 movie Mutiny on the Bounty . It takes about 90 miles (150 km) southeast of Cape Hatteras. Sixteen people are on board. The Coast Guard said 16 people left the ship and entered into two lifeboats, wearing lifesaving suits and life jackets. The ship sank after the crew went down. The Coast Guard rescued 14 crew members; others were found several hours later but unresponsive and then died. The captain's quest, Robin Walbridge, was suspended on November 1, after an effort lasting more than 90 hours and covering about 12,000 nautical miles square (41,100 km2 ²).
Virginia
On October 29, it snowed in parts of the state. Governor Bob McDonnell announced on Oct. 30 that Virginia had "escaped an important event," but cited concerns about rising rivers and floods resulting from major arteries. Virginia was awarded a federal disaster declaration, with Governor McDonnell saying he was "pleased" that President Barack Obama and FEMA soon followed suit. At the top of Sandy, more than 180,000 customers are without electricity, mostly located in Northern Virginia. There are three victims of Hurricane Sandy linked in the state.
Middle Atlantic
Maryland and Washington, D.C.
The Supreme Court and the United States Personnel Management Office closed on 30 October, and schools were closed for two days. Trains MARC and Virginia Railway Express closed on October 30, and Metro trains and bus services were on Sunday's schedule, opened at 2 pm, until the system closed.
At least 100 feet (30 m) fishing pier in Ocean City destroyed. Governor Martin O'Malley said the dock was "half gone". Due to strong winds, the Chesapeake Bay Bridge and Millard E. Tydings Memorial Bridge on I-95 are closed. During the storm, Salisbury Mayor instituted Civil Emergency and curfew. Interstate 68 in the far west of Maryland and northern West Virginia was closed due to heavy snow, stranded several vehicles and in need of assistance from the National Guard. Workers in Howard County are trying to stop the overflow of sewage caused by the October 30 power outage. Raw waste is spilled at a rate of 2 million gallons per hour. It is not clear how much waste flows into the Small Patuxent River. More than 311,000 people were left without electricity due to storms.
Delaware
On the afternoon of October 29, rainfall in Rehoboth Beach reached 6.53 inches (166 mm). Other rainfall reports include nearly 7 inches (180 mm) in Indian River Inlet and more than 4 inches (100 mm) in Dover and Bear. At 4 pm on October 29, Delmarva Power reported on its website that more than 13,900 customers in Delaware and parts of Eastern Shore of Maryland had lost power when high winds uprooted trees and power lines. About 3,500 of them are in New Castle County, 2,900 are in Sussex, and over 100 are in Kent County. Some residents in Kent and Sussex County suffered a power outage that lasted for nearly six hours. At the peak of the storm, more than 45,000 customers in Delaware are without electricity. The speed limit of the Delaware Bridge Memorial is reduced to 25 mph (40 km/h) and the two outer lanes in each direction are closed. Officials plan to cover the entire range if continuous winds exceed 50 mph (80 km/h). Winds blowing 64 mph (103 km/h) measured in Lewes just before 2:30 pm. on October 29th. Delaware Route 1 was closed due to a puddle between Dewey Beach and Fenwick Island. In Dewey Beach, flood waters are as high as 1 to 2 feet (0.30 to 0.61 m). After the impact in Delaware, President Barack Obama declared the entire federal disaster state, providing money and agencies for disaster relief in the middle of Hurricane Sandy.
New Jersey
A 50 foot (15 m) piece from the Atlantic City Boardwalk washed away. Half the town of Hoboken was flooded; 50,000 cities had to evacuate two firefighters, EMS headquarters, and hospitals. With the city cut off from the county hospital and fire suppression helping each other, the mayor of the city asked for help of the National Guard. On the morning of October 30, authorities in Bergen County, New Jersey, evacuated residents after the overflowing mound and flooded several communities. Police Chief Jeanne Baratta said there was water 1.5 m (1,5 m) in the streets of Moonachie and Little Ferry. The State Emergency Management Office said the rescue was done at Carlstadt. Baratta said the three cities were "destroyed" by the flood waters. At the peak of the storm, more than 2,600,000 customers have no electricity. There are 43 deaths associated with Hurricane Sandy in the state of New Jersey. Damage in the state is estimated at $ 36.8 billion.
Pennsylvania
Philadelphia Mayor Michael Nutter said the city would not have mass transit operations on every 30 October line. All major highways in and around the city of Philadelphia are closed on October 29 during storms, including Interstate 95, Interstate 476 Blue Route section, Expressway Expressway, Schuylkill Expressway (I-76), and Roosevelt Expressway; US Route 1. The highway reopens at 4 am on October 30th. The Delaware Port Authority Authority also closed its main crossing on the Delaware River between Pennsylvania and New Jersey due to strong winds, including the Commodore Barry Bridge, the Walt Whitman Bridge, the Ben Franklin Bridge and the Betsy Ross Bridge. Trees and power lines fall all over Altoona, and four buildings partially collapse. More than 1.2 million were left without electricity. The Pennsylvania Emergency Management Agency reported 14 deaths believed to be linked to Sandy.
New York
New York Governor Andrew Cuomo summoned National Guard members to help in the state. The impact of the storm on Upstate New York is much more limited than in New York City; there are floods and some fallen trees. The Rochester area utilities report slightly less than 19,000 customers without electricity, in seven areas. In the state as a whole, however, more than 2,000,000 customers are powerless at the peak of the storm.
New York City Mayor Michael Bloomberg announces that New York City public schools will close on Tuesday, October 30 and Wednesday, October 31, but they remain closed until Friday, November 2. CUNY and NYU cancel all campus classes and activities for October 30 The New York Stock Exchange closed for a two-day trade, the first exchange weather closure since 1985. It was also the first two-day weather closure since the Great Blizzard of 1888.
The East River overflowed its banks, flooding the vast majority of Lower Manhattan. Battery Park has a water spurt of 13.88 feet. Seven underground tunnels under the East River were flooded. The Metropolitan Transport Authority says that the destruction caused by the storm was the worst disaster in the history of the New York City subway system for 108 years. The sea water flooded the Ground Zero construction site. More than 10 billion gallons of raw and partly treated wastes are released by storm, 94% of which go into the waters in and around New York and New Jersey. In addition, the facade of the four-storey Chelsea building collapsed and collapsed, leaving the interior on full screen; However, no one was hurt by the falling stone. Atlantic Ocean storm surges also caused massive flood damage to homes, buildings, highways, sidewalks and mass transit facilities in low-lying coastal areas outside Queens, Brooklyn and Staten Island.
After receiving numerous complaints that a marathon would divert the needed resources, Mayor Bloomberg announced on the afternoon of November 2 that the New York City Marathon had been canceled. The event will take place on Sunday, November 4th. Marathon officials say they do not plan to reschedule.
Gas shortages across the region are causing the US federal government's efforts to bring in gasoline and regulate the distribution of trucks where people can receive up to 10 gallons of gas, free of charge. This causes lines up to 20 long blocks and quickly suspended. On Thursday, November 8, Mayor Bloomberg announced the odd-even gasoline removal will take effect from 9 November until further notice.
On Nov. 26, Governor Cuomo called Sandy "more impactful" than Hurricane Katrina, and estimated the cost to New York for $ 42 billion. Around 100,000 settlements on Long Island were destroyed or severely damaged, including 2,000 considered unfit for habitation. There are 53 deaths associated with Hurricane Sandy in New York state. By 2016, the cyclone is determined to be the worst to attack the New York City area since at least 1700.
New England
Wind gusts up to 83 mph are recorded outside Cape Cod and Buzzards Bay. Nearly 300,000 customers without electricity in Massachusetts, and roads and flooded buildings. More than 100,000 customers lost energy in Rhode Island. Most of the damage occurs along the coastline, where some communities are flooded. Mount Washington, New Hampshire saw the strongest wind gusts from a storm at 140 mph. Nearly 142,000 customers lost power in the state.
Appalachia and Midwest
West Virginia
Sandy's rain became snow in the Appalachian mountains, leading to snowstorm conditions in some areas, especially West Virginia, as heavy and heavy Arctic air pushed south through the region. This usually causes Nor'easter, prompting some to dub Sandy as "nor'eastercane" or "Frankenstorm". There are 1-3 feet (30-91 cm) of snowfall in 28 of 55 counties in West Virginia. The highest snow accumulation is 36 inches (91 cm) near Richwood. Other significant totals include 32 inches (81 cm) in Snowshoe, 29 inches (74 cm) in Quinwood, and 28 inches (71 cm) in Davis, Flat Top, and Huttonsville. On the morning of October 31, there were still 36 roads closed because of fallen trees, power lines, and snow on the road. About 271,800 customers lost power during the storm.
There have been reports of buildings collapsing in some districts because of the heavy and heavy wet snow. In all, seven casualties have been linked to Hurricane Sandy and the rest of West Virginia, including John Rose, Sr., Republican candidate for the 47-state district in the state legislature, who was killed by a storm by falling trees. broken limbs due to heavy snowfall. Earl Governor Ray Tomblin asked President Obama to declare a federal disaster, and on October 30, President Obama approved the state of an emergency declaration for the state.
Ohio
Wind gusts at Cleveland Burke Lakefront Airport are reported at 68 miles per hour (109 km/h). On October 30, hundreds of school districts canceled or suspended schools across the state with at least 250,000 homes and businesses without electricity. Damage is reported throughout the state including the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame which lost its parts. Snow is reported in parts of eastern Ohio and south of Cleveland. Snow and ice roads are also reported in southern Columbus.
Michigan
The US Department of Energy reported that more than 120,000 customers lost power in Michigan due to the storm. The National Weather Service says that waves up to 23 feet (7 m) tall are reported in southern Lake Huron.
Kentucky
More than one foot (300 mm) of snow descended on eastern Kentucky as Sandy joined the Arctic front. Harlan, Letcher and Pike County winter warnings come into force until 31 October.
Canada
The remains of Sandy produce strong winds along Lake Huron and Georgian Bay, where gusts are measured at 105 km/h (63 mph). A gust of 121 km/h (72 mph) is measured on the Bluewater Bridge. A woman died after being hit by flakes flying in Toronto. At least 145,000 customers in Ontario lost power, and Bluewater Power workers were shocked at Sarnia while working to recuperate. Approximately 49,000 homes and businesses lost power in Quebec during the storm, with nearly 40,000 people in the Laurentides region of the province, as well as more than 4,000 customers in East Townships and 1,700 customers in Montreal. Hundreds of flights were canceled. About 14,000 customers in Nova Scotia lost power during the peak of the storm. The Insurance Bureau estimates Canada's initial damage is over $ 100 million for the nation.
Aftermath
Help effort
Some media organizations contribute to immediate relief efforts: Disney-ABC Television Group held a "Day of Giving" on Monday, November 5, collecting $ 17 million on their television stations for the American Red Cross and NBC collecting $ 23 million during their Hurricane Sandy: Coming Together telethon on the same day. On October 31, 2012, News Corporation donated $ 1 million for relief efforts in the New York metropolitan area. In December 2013, the New Jersey Relief Fund Hurricane Sandy NGO has distributed much of the funds collected in New Jersey.
On 6 November, the United Nations and the World Food Program pledged humanitarian aid to at least 500,000 people in Santiago de Cuba.
On December 12, 2012, 12-12-12: The Sandy Help Concert took place at Madison Square Garden in New York City. Various television channels in the United States and international broadcast a four-hour concert that is expected to reach more than 1 billion people worldwide, featuring Bon Jovi, Eric Clapton, Dave Grohl, Billy Joel, Alicia Keys, Chris Martin, Paul McCartney, The Rolling Stones , Bruce Springsteen and E Street Band, Roger Waters, Eddie Vedder, Kanye West, and The Who. Websites include Fuse.tv, MTV.com, YouTube, and AOL and Yahoo! sites planned to stream the show.
On December 28, 2012, the United States Senate approved a Hurricane Sandy emergency relief law to provide $ 60 billion to the US state affected by Sandy, but the House of Representatives in effect delayed the action until the next session which began Jan. 3 by closing without casting votes on the bill. On January 4, 2013, house leaders pledged to vote on flood insurance bills and aid packages on 15 January. On January 28, the Senate passed Sandy's $ 50.5 billion bill for 62-36. which President Obama signed into law 29 January.
In January 2013, The New York Times reported that those affected by the storm are still struggling to recover.
In June 2013, NY Governor Andrew Cuomo set out to focus recovery and reconstruction efforts in the affected areas of New York State by setting up the Storm Recovery Governor's Office (GOSR). He aims to address the most pressing needs of society, and to identify innovative and lasting solutions to strengthen the country's critical infrastructure and systems. Operating under the umbrella of New York Rising, GOSR uses about $ 3.8 billion in flexible funding provided by the US Housing Department & The Community Development Hibah Development (HGB) Development Program (CDBG-DR) to focus on four main areas: housing, small business, infrastructure, and community reconstruction.
On December 6, 2013, a Federal Emergency Management Agency data analysis showed that less than half of those affected who requested disaster relief assistance had received it, and a total of 30,000 New York and New Jersey residents remain displaced.
In March 2014, Newsday reported that 17 months after the storm the people displaced from the rented unit on Long Island faced unique difficulties due to the lack of affordable rental housing and delays in the implementation of the housing program by the State of New York. Close to 9,000 rental units on Long Island were damaged by Hurricane Sandy in October 2012, and Hurricane Irene and Tropical Storm Lee in 2011 per the Stormy Governor's Gazette Office (GOSR). State Officials of New York said that additional assistance will soon be available from the HUD Community Development Fund through the New York Rising program. On March 15, 2014, a group of people displaced by the storm organized protests at the Nassau Legislature Building in Mineola, New York, to raise awareness of their frustration with the time to receive financial assistance from the New York Rising program.
In March 2014, GOSR released a press statement that the New York Rising Society Reconstruction Program has distributed more than $ 280 million in payments to 6,388 homeowners due to damage from Hurricane Sandy, Hurricane Irene or Tropical Storm Lee. Every eligible homeowner who has filed an application on January 20, 2014 has issued a check for the reconstruction of the house, including more than 4,650 Nassau residents for more than $ 201 million and more than 1,350 Suffolk residents with more than $ 65 million. The state has also offered more than $ 293 million to buy a home from 709 homeowners.
Political impact
Hurricane Sandy sparked many political comments. Many scientists say greater ocean warming and atmospheric humidity boosts storms while rising sea levels exacerbate coastal effects. Representative November 2012 Henry Waxman of California, a member of the House of Commerce and Commerce Council, requested a session in a paralyzed duck session on the relationship between climate change and Hurricane Sandy. Some news outlets label the October surprise storm of 2012 US Presidential elections, while Democrats and Republicans accuse each other of politicizing the storm.
The storm hit the United States one week before the US election, affecting the presidential campaign, local and state campaigns in areas damaged by the storm. New Jersey Governor Chris Christie, one of the leading supporters of Mitt Romney, praised President Barack Obama and his reaction to the storm, and toured the storm-damaged areas of his country with the president. Reported on when Sandy might affect elections in some states, especially by limiting early elections. The Economist writes, "the weather should be sunny ahead of election day, but the impact can be felt on early voters." ABC News estimates this may be offset by a tendency to clear roads and restore power faster in urban areas. The storm triggered a debate about whether Republican presidential candidate Mitt Romney in 2011 proposed to remove the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA). The next day Romney's campaign promised to keep FEMA funded, but did not explain any other part of the federal budget that would be cut to pay for it. Outside the election, Sandy's "Defensive National Defense Magazine" might lead to rethinking (in the US) about how climate change threatens national security ".
In his press conference on November 14, 2012, President Obama said, "we can not relate certain weather events to climate change.What we know is that temperatures around the world are rising faster than expected even 10 years ago. Arctic ice melts faster than expected even five years ago.We know that there are amazing - there are a large number of bad weather events in North America, but also around the world.And I firmly believe that climate change is real, that it is affected by human behavior and carbon emissions and, as a consequence, I think we have an obligation to future generations to do something. "
On January 30, 2015, just days after the US Army Engineer Corps released a post-Sandy report that examined flood risk for 31,200 miles (50,210 km) of the North Atlantic coast, President Obama issued an executive order directing federal, state and local government agencies to withdraw funds federal government to adopt more rigorous development and standard setting to reflect the scientific projection that future floods will be more frequent and intense due to climate change.
The effects of financial markets
Power outages and flooding in the area closed New York Stock Exchange and other financial markets on October 29 and 30, the most recent weather-related closure occurred in 1888. When the market reopened on October 31, investors were relieved to be closed relatively flat that day. A week later, the Association of National Insurance Associations of the Capital Market Bureau noted a slight increase in the market (0.8%) and suggested that the negative economic impact of Hurricane Sandy was offset by the expected positive impact of rebuilding.
Media coverage
When Hurricane Sandy approached the United States, the forecasters and journalists gave him several different unofficial names, initially related to the projected snow content, then to his proximity to Halloween, and finally to the overall storm size. Early nicknames include "Snowicane Sandy" and "Snor'eastercane Sandy". The most popular Halloween nickname is "Frankenstorm", coined by Jim Cisco, an astrologer at the Hydrometeorology Prediction Center. CNN forbade the use of the term, saying it underestimated destruction.
The severe and widespread damage caused by hurricanes in the United States, as well as the unusual merger with the frontal system, resulted in the nickname "Superstorm Sandy" by media, public officials, and several organizations, including US government agencies. It survives as the most common nickname until 2013. The term is also embraced by climate change advocates as a term for a new storm type caused by global warming, while other authors use the term but claim it is too early to blame the storms of climate change. Meanwhile, Popular Science calls it "an exciting fear scare exclusively for shock value".
Insurance fraud claims
Thousands of homeowners denied their flood insurance claims based on reports of fake engineers, according to a whistleblowing effort from Andrew Braum, an engineer who claims that at least 175 of his more than 180 examinations are doctors. As a result, a class-action blackmail lawsuit has been filed against several insurance companies and their contract engineering firms. In 2015, the Federal Emergency Management Agency plans to review all flood insurance claims.
Baby boom
New Jersey hospitals saw a nine-month birth spurt after Sandy, causing some to believe that there was a post-Sandy baby explosion. The Monmouth Medical Center saw a 35% jump, and two other hospitals increased 20%. An expert states that the post-storm birth that year was higher than in the past.
Termination name
Due to the tremendous damage and deaths caused by storms in many countries, the name Sandy was later retired by the World Meteorological Organization, and will never be used again for North Atlantic storms. The name was replaced with Sara for the 2018 Atlantic storm season.
In popular culture
In the television film Syfy Sharknado 3: Oh Hell No! , Sandy's radar image can be seen (close to its landing in New Jersey), but is represented fictitiously as an anonymous tropical storm to Washington DC The storm is also featured in an episode of Shades of Blue.
See also
- 1938 New England storm
- 1991 Perfect Storm
- Hurricane Irene
- Hurricane Sandy IRS tax deductions
Source of the article : Wikipedia
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