Frey's syndrome (also known as Baillarger syndrome , Dupuy syndrome , auriculotemporal syndrome , or Frey-Baillarger syndrome) is a rare neurological disorder resulting from damage or near the parotid glands responsible for making saliva, and from frequent auriculotemporal nerve damage from surgery.
Symptoms of Frey syndrome are redness and sweating in the cheek area adjacent to the ear (see focal hyperhidrosis). They can arise when people are affected by eating, seeing, dreaming, thinking about or talking about certain types of foods that produce strong saliva. Observing sweating in the area after eating lemon slices can be a diagnostic.
Video Frey's syndrome
Signs and symptoms
Signs and symptoms include erythema (redness) and sweating in the cutaneous auriculotemporal cutaneous cutaneous distribution, usually in response to gustatory stimulation. Sometimes there is pain in the same area, often burning. Between pain attacks sometimes there is numbness or other altered sensations (anesthesia or paresthesia). This is sometimes called "neuralgia warming".
Maps Frey's syndrome
Cause
Frey syndrome often results as a side effect of surgery or near the parotid gland or due to injury to the auriculotemporal nerve, which passes through the parotid glands at the beginning of its journey. The Auriculotemporal branch of the Trigeminal nerve carries parasympathetic fibers to the scalp sweat glands and parotid salivary glands. As a result of inappropriate severance and regeneration, the parasympathetic nerve fibers may change direction, resulting in "sweaty sweating" or sweating in anticipation of eating, rather than the normal saliva response. This is often seen in patients who have undergone endoscopic thoracic sympathectomy, a surgical procedure in which sympathetic stem parts are cut or clamped to treat hand sweating or flushing. Subsequent regeneration or nerve growth causes abnormal sweating and salivating. It can also include discharge from the nose when it smells certain foods.
Rarely, Frey syndrome can be caused by other causes of surgery, including unintentional trauma, local infections, sympathetic dysfunction and pathological lesions within the parotid gland. Examples such as, rare trauma or local infection; can be seen in situations where the hair follicle grows into and causes trauma or local infection near or above one of the auriculotemporal nerve branches.
Diagnosis
The diagnosis is made based on clinical signs and symptoms and a starchy iodine test, called the Iodine-Starch Minor test. The affected area is painted with iodine that is allowed to dry, then dried corn starch applied to the face. Starch is blue on iodine exposure in the face of sweat.
Treatment
- Botulinum Toxin A Injection
- Nerve fibers surgical transection (only temporary treatment)
- Application of ointments containing anticholinergic drugs such as scopolamine Epidemiology
Conditions are rare.
Affected Population
The exact incidence of Frey's syndrome is unknown. This disorder most often occurs as a complication of surgical removal of the parotid gland (parotidectomy). The percentage of individuals who developed Frey syndrome after parotidectomy is controversial and estimates reportedly range from 30-50 percent. In follow-up investigations, about 15 percent of affected individuals rate their symptoms as severe. Frey syndrome affects men and women in the same amount.
History
It's named? Ucja Frey-Gottesman. This disorder was first reported in the medical literature by Baillarger in 1853. A neurologist from Poland, Dr. Lucja Frey, gave a detailed assessment of the disorder and coined the term "auriculotemporal syndrome" in 1923.
References
External links
Source of the article : Wikipedia
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