An ingrown toenail (also known as onychocryptosis from the Greek: ???? ( onyx , "nails") ??????? ( kryptos , "hidden") or unguis incarnation ) is a common form of nail disease. It is a painful condition in which the nail grows so it cuts into one or both sides of paronychium or nails.
The general opinion is that the nails fit into the paronychium, but the growing nails can easily be overgrown with toeskin. This condition starts from inflammation of the paronychium microbe, then granuloma, which produces nails buried in granulomas. While ingrown toenails can occur in the nails of the hands and feet, they occur most often with toenails.
Properly grown nails are caused by real meat penetration by a piece of nail.
Video Ingrown nail
Signs and symptoms
Symptoms of deep-growing nails include pain along the edge of the nail (caused by hypergranulation occurring around the margins mentioned above), worsening pain while wearing tight footwear, and sensitivity to any pressure, even the weight of the sheets. Crashing the affected foot can produce sharp pain and even torture because the tissue is stabbed further by the nail. Given the nature of this condition, ingrown toenails become easily infected unless special care is taken early to treat the condition by maintaining the cleanliness of the area. Signs of infection include redness and swelling of the area around the nail, drainage of pus and dilute fluid stained with blood. The main symptom is swelling at the base of the nail on the growing side (though probably both sides).
Onychocryptosis should not be confused with the same nail disorder, convex nails, or with other painful conditions such as invaded nails, or in the presence of small corn, callus or flakes under the nail sulci (grooves on both sides).
Maps Ingrown nail
Cause
The main contributors to onychocryptosis are footwear, especially shoes that do not fit in inadequate leg room-space and tight stockings that provide pressure to the top or side of the foot. Other factors may include a damp atmosphere of closed shoes, which softens the nail plate and causes swelling of the epidermal keratin (eventually permanently enhancing convex arch), genetics, trauma and disease. Unauthorized cutting of the nails can cause the nails to cut the skin of the folds from growth and impact, whether the nails are really "embedded" or not. The curved nails inward or upward depend on the angle of the cut. If a cutter, like a pair of scissors, is in an attitude where the lower blade is closer to the toes than the upper knife, the nail will tend to grow up from the base, and vice versa. This process is seen along the nail as it grows, emerging as the warp is advanced to the tip of the nail. The upper corner changes more easily from the center of the nail tip. Holding the tool at the same angle for all nails can cause this condition; because the nails veer closer to the skin, the more difficult it is to adjust the knife down with the right attitude under the nail. When cutting nails, not just the right angles are important, but also how short the pieces. Shorter pieces will bend more nails, unless the cuts are on the top and bottom of the nail.
The causes may include:
- Shoes that cause the bunches of toes in the foot development stage (often in people under 21), which can cause the nails to curl and dig into the skin. This is especially true for fitting shoes that are too narrow or too short, but a perching shoe can cause an ingrown toenail.
- Poor nail care, including cutting nails too short, is rounded at the end of the nail or peeled on the edges rather than cut straight.
- Broken nails toes.
- Traumatic on the nail or toe plate, which can occur by dropping objects on or off the toenails, or with nails protruding through the shoe (such as during exercise or other strenuous activity), can cause the flesh to become injured and nail grow irregularly and tap into the meat. Predispositions, such as abnormal abnormal beds, nail deformities caused by disease or genetic susceptibility, increase the likelihood of ingrown toenails, but ingrowth can not occur without pressure from the shoe.
- Bacterial infection, can be treated with antibiotics.
One study compared patients with ingrown toenails for healthy control and found no difference in the form of toe nail between patient and control group. This study suggests that treatment should not be based on correction of nail deformities that do not exist. Ingrown toenails are caused by weight-bearing (activities such as walking, running, etc.) in patients who have too much soft skin tissue on the side of their nails. Load bearings cause this excessive amount of skin to dilate along the side of the nail. Pressure on the skin around the nail causes damaged tissue, resulting in swelling, redness and infection. Many treatments are directed at the nail itself and often include partial or complete removal of healthy nails. However, failure to treat skin conditions can lead to the return of growth and defects or nail mutilation.
Prevention
The most common digit to get inside is the big toe, but the cell growth that can happen to any nail. Ingrown nails can be avoided by cutting the nails straight; not as long as the curve, not too short and no shorter than the meat around it. Footwear that is too small or too narrow, or with too shallow "square feet", will exacerbate any underlying problem with toe nail. The sharp square angle may be uncomfortable and cause a hook in the sock. The right cut leaves the front end of the nail free of flesh, blocking it from growing to the toes. Fair corner submission. Some spikes require cutting corners far back to remove the edges that dig into the flesh; this is often done as partial partial resection by a podiatrist. Ingrown toenails can be caused by injuries, usually blunt trauma where the meat is pressed against the nail causing a small, swollen piece. Nail injury can cause it to grow abnormally, making it wider or thicker than usual, or even protruding or bending.
Management
Nail care that grows in part depends on the severity.
Conservative treatment
Mild to moderate cases are often treated conservatively with warm water and epsom salts, antibacterial ointment and use of dental floss. If conservative care of a small in-growing toenail is unsuccessful, or if the nail grows into severe, surgical treatment may be necessary. A "sewer gutter" can be improvised by slicing a diagonally-tipped cotton wood applicator to form a bevel and using this to insert a cotton wad from the applicator's head under the nail to lift it from the underlying skin after the foot has soaked.
Surgery
Surgical treatment for deep grown nails is done by podiatrists, foot and ankle specialists. This is usually an office procedure that requires local anesthesia and special surgical instruments. The surgical approach is the removal of the offending portion of the nail plate known as wedge resection. If the nails are grown into recurring despite these treatments, nail severing with chemicals or excision is done; this is known as matrixcestomy. Antibiotics can be used after the procedure but not recommended, as it can delay healing. Surgical treatment for deep grown nails is more effective in preventing nails from growing back inside than non-surgical treatments.
Nail bracing
A rarely used treatment for ingrown toenails is nails. Nail clamps work by lifting the side of the nail gently and finally retrain the nails to grow into a more flat shape over time. The total time it takes for the re-formed nails is a full nail growth or about 18 months. There are two types of nail support: adhesive and hook. Nail braces are generally made of thin strips of composite material attached to the top of the nail. The strip naturally tries to return to a flat state and lift the tip of the nail in the process. Hooked nail braces consist of a hook (usually made of braces) placed under either side of the nail with some kind of tensioning system that pulls the hook together.
Source of the article : Wikipedia
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