Persian Cat (Persian: ???????? Gorbe IrÃÆ' Â ¢ ni ) is a long-haired cat type characterized by a round and short face of a muzzle. This is also known as Persian Longhair in English-speaking countries. In the Middle East they are widely known as Iranian kittens and in Iran they are known as Shirazi cats . The first documented ancestors of Persia were imported into Italy from Iran (historically known as Persia) around 1620. The exact history of Persian cats seems to be a bit of a mystery but many of these long-haired cats are seen in hieroglyphs. The story says that these long-haired cats were later imported into Europe because of their growing and breeding popularity in Italy and France.
Persian cat was first presented at the world's first organized cat show in 1871 in London, England, before heading for the United States in the early 1900s. Standards of Persian breeding cats always call for cats with short faces, but it is important to note that Persian cats originally had a longer nose than the flat-faced Persians today. Hereditary polycystic kidney disease is common in breeds, affecting almost half the population in some countries.
By 2015, it is ranked the 2nd most popular breed in the United States according to the Cat Fanciers Association. The first is Exotic type.
Video Persian cat
Origin
It is not clear when a long-haired cat first appeared, as there were no long-haired specimens from African wildcat, the ancestor of a domestic subspecies.
The first documented ancestor of Persia was imported from Khorasan, Iran, to Italy in 1620 by Pietro della Valle, and from Angora (now Ankara), Ottoman Empire (Turkey), to France by Nicholas-Claude Fabri de Peiresc around the same time. Khorasan cat is coated in gray while it comes from white Angora. From France, they soon reached England.
Recent genetic research shows that Persia is not currently associated with cats from the Near East but cats from Western Europe. The researchers stated, "Although early Persian cats may actually have originated from Persia (Iran), modern Persian cats have lost their philologic marks."
Maps Persian cat
Development
Persian and Angoras
The first Persian cat was presented at the first organized cat show, in 1871 at the Crystal Palace in London, England, hosted by Harrison Weir. Because specimens closer to the Persian conformation were later shaped to a more popular type, attempts were made to distinguish them from Angora. The first breed standard (later called the list of excellence points) was issued in 1889 by the show promoter of the Weir cat. He states that Persia is different from Angora in the tail to a longer, fuller and rougher hair on the tip and larger head, with less pointed ears. Not all cat fans agree with the differences between the two types, and in 1903 Francis Simpson states that "the difference, apparently with almost no difference, between Angoras and Persia is such a trait so I have to be forgiven if I ignore the cat class called Angora ".
Dorothy Bevill Champion outlines the differences between the two types in 1909 The Cat Book of Everyone :
Our pedigree to import long hair from day to day is undoubtedly a cross from Angora and Persia; the latter has a round head than the first, also the coat has a very different quality.
Bell goes on to detail the differences. The Persian coat consists of a wool undercoat and a long, hairy coat. The coat loses all the thick underwools in the summer, and only long hair is left. The hair on the shoulders and the top of the hind legs are somewhat shorter. In contrast, Angora has a very different layer consisting of long and gentle hair, hanging in the lock, "inclined to the curl or small wave at the bottom of the body." Angora's hair was longer on the shoulders and hind legs than the Persians, which, according to Bell, was a major improvement. However, Bell says the Angora "fails for the Persians in the head," Angora has a more wedge-shaped head and the Persians have a more interesting round head.
Bell notes that Angoras and Persia have interbreed, resulting in a determined increase for each type, but claimed that the long-haired cat in 1909 had a more significant Persian influence than the Angora.
The champions bemoaned the lack of distinction among the various types of long-haired British fans, who in 1887 decided to group them under the umbrella term "Long-haired Cat".
Traditional Persian
The traditional Persian , or Persian-facial dolls , are the newer names for what are essentially genuine Persian cats, without the development of extreme features.
Since many breeders in the United States, Germany, Italy, and other parts of the world begin to interpret Persian standards differently, they develop a "peke-face" or "ultra" type of flat-nosed (see next section) from time to time, as a result of two genetic mutations, without changing the name of the breed from "Persian". Some organizations, including the Cat Fanciers' Association (CFA), today regard the peke-face type as their modern standard for Persian breeds. Thus the Traditional Persian retronym was created to refer to the original type, which is still raised today, reflecting the original Siamese cat replacement as Traditional Siam, to distinguish it from the long-faced modern development that has taken over. "Siamese".
Not all groups of cat fans recognize the Traditional Persian (at all, or different), or provide that particular name. TICA has a very common standard, which does not specify a flat face.
Peke-face and ultra-typing
In the late 1950s, a spontaneous mutation in red and red Persian cats gave rise to a "peke-faced Persian", named after a flat-faced Peking dog. It was listed as a different breed in the CFA, but was disliked by the mid-1990s because of serious health problems; only 98 were registered between 1958 and 1995. Nevertheless, the breeders loved the look and began to breed in the face-peke direction. Over-accentuation of the breed characteristics by selective breeding (called extreme - or ultra-typing ) yields results similar to those of peke-faced Persians. The term peke-face has been used to refer to the ultra-typed Persian but it is properly used only to refer to red and red tabby Persians bear mutations. Many breeders and CFA judges consider the shift in view of "contributing to breeding."
In 1958, breeder and writer P. M. Soderberg wrote in their Pedigree Cat, Variety, Breeding and Exhibition
"Perhaps lately there has been a tendency to over-emphasize this type of short face, with the result that some cats seen in the show have faces that present a peke-like appearance.This is the type of face that is definitely recognized in the United States, and helps form a special group in the event classification for breed [Persian].Of course there is a loss when the face becomes too short, because this excessive type tends to produce teardrop deformities, and the moving eye may be the result.A cat with a running eye will never see the best because in time the fur on each side of the nose becomes tarnished, and thus detract from the general appearance [...] The nose should be short, but perhaps the petition can be made here that the nose is better if it is not too short and at the same time lifted.The nose of this type creates the impression grotesqueness that is not really interesting, and there is always the danger of the eyes y ang ran. "
While Persia's appearance changed, the Persian Breed Council's standard for Persia was essentially the same. The standard Persian breed is, by its nature, somewhat exposed and focused on a round head, large round eyes with wide spacing with the top of the nose skin placed no lower than the bottom of the eye. Standard call for short body, cobby with short, good-leg bones, broad chest, and round appearance, everything about the ideal Persian cat becomes "round". It was not until the late 1980s that standards were changed to limit the development of extreme views. In 2004, the statement that the muzzle should not be too pronounced added to the breed standard. The standards were changed again in 2007, this time to reflect a flat face, and now state that the forehead, nose, and chin should be in a vertical position.
In the UK, the standard was changed by the Flexible Governing Council of the Cats (GCCF) in the 1990s to disqualify Persia with "the top edge of the nose skin above the bottom edge of the eye" of the First Certificate or Prize in the Kitten Open Class.
While ultra-typed cats do better at ring shows, the public seems to prefer the less extreme, older "doll-face" types.
Variant
Himalayan
In 1950, the Siamese were crossed with Persians to create offspring with body type from Persia but the color point pattern from Siam. It's named Himalayan, after other colorpoint animals like the Himalayan bunny. In the UK, the breed is recognized as the Longhair Colorpoint. The Himalayas stood as separate breeds in the US until 1984, when the CFA merged with Persia, with objections from breed breeds. Some Persian breeders are unhappy with the introduction of this cross into their "pure" Persian line.
The CFA regulates registration for the Himalayas in a way that breeders will be able to see Persian with the Himalayan ancestors simply by looking at the genealogy registration number. This is to make it easier for breeders who do not want Himalayan blood in their breeding paths to avoid individuals who, although not necessarily pointing to dot patterns, may carry the recessive point-staining gene. Persians with Himalayan ancestors have registration numbers beginning with 3 and are usually referred to by breeders as color point carriers (CPCs) or 3000 series cats, although not all will actually carry recessive genes. Siam is also a source for chocolate and purple in Persian dense.
Exotic Shorthair
The Persians were used as a silent crossing by some American Shorthair (ASH) breeders in the late 1950s to "fix" their breeds. Cross-references gain recognition in the exhibit arena but other breeders are not happy with successful changes pushing for new breed standards that would disqualify ASH showing signs of crossing.
An ASH breeder who saw the potential of the Persian/ASH cross breed proposed and finally succeeded in getting the CFA to recognize them as a new breed in 1966, under the name Exotic Shorthair. The regular outcrossing for Persia has made Exotic Shorthair today similar to Persians in all respects, including temperament and conformation, with the exception of a short solid mantle. He even inherited many Persian health problems. The more manageable coat has made some Exotic Shorthair labels lazy Persians.
Because of the regular use of Persians as outcrosses, some Exotics can carry a copy of the longhair recessive gene. When two such cats are in pairs, there is one in four possibilities that each of the offspring will be longhaired. Long-haired exotic is not considered Persian by the CFA, although The International Cat Association accepts them as Persians. Other associations listed them as separate Exotic Longhair breeds.
Size of toys and tea cups
A number of breeders produce small Persian cats under various names. The generic term is Persian "toys" and "tea cups" (a term borrowed from fancy dogs), but individual lines are often called "palm-sized", "pocket", "mini" and "pixie". Currently, they are not recognized as separate breeds by major registries and each breeder sets their own standards for size. These terms are regarded as controversial marketing tactics or because cats do not have the genetic mutations that dogs have to produce a miniature version of themselves because cats have a strong genetic propensity mechanism that prevents mutations in genes. Unscrupulous breeders have committed dangerous and repeated blood-borne infections to get smaller cats to produce feline cats that are genetically weaker often with severe health problems and short life spans.
Chinchilla Longhair and Sterling
In the US, there was an attempt to establish a silver Persian as a separate breed called Sterling, but it was not accepted. Persian silver and gold are recognized, by the CFA. In South Africa, efforts to separate breeds were more successful; The South African Cat Council (SACC) enrolled cats with five generations of Chinchillas sanctified as Chinchilla Longhair. Chinchilla Longhair has a slightly longer nose than Persia, resulting in a healthy breath and reduced eye tears. His hair was translucent only with the ends carrying a black pigment, a feature that was lost when crossed into other colored Persians. Out-crossing can also cause loss of nose and lip liner, which is a fault in Chinchilla Longhair breed standards. One of the differences of this type is the blue-green or green eyes color only with kittens that have blue or purple-blue eyes.
Popularity
Persia is the most popular breed of cats in the United States. In the UK, the number of registrations has dwindled since the early 1990s and Persia lost its top spot to the British Shorthair in 2001. In 2012, it is the 6th most popular breed, behind British Shorthair, Ragdoll, Siamese, Maine Coon and Burma. In France, Persia was the only breed whose registration declined between 2003 and 2007, down by more than a quarter.
The most popular varieties according to CFA registration data are the seal points, blue dots, hotspots and Himalayan tortion points, followed by black-and-white, shaded silver and calico.
Classification by Registries
The breed standards of various fancier cat organizations can treat Himalaya and Exotic Shorthair (or just Exotic) as variants of Persian, or as separate breeds. The Cat Fanciers' Association (CFA) treats the Himalayas as a color-coded class of Persians and Exotic, which has a separate but almost identical standard (different in coat length). The FÃÆ' Â © dation Internationale FÃ © Â © line (FIFe) fully subsumes what other registries call the Himalayas as only among the permissible color patterns for Persian and Exotic, treated as separate breeds. The International Cat Association (TICA) treats both as a variant of Persia. The World Cat Federation (WCF) treats the Persian and Exotic Shorthair as separate breeds, and makes Himalayan colors as colorpoint varieties under each.
Among regional and national organizations, the Feline Federation of Europe treats all three as separate breeds. The American Cat Fanciers Association (ACFA) has three as separate breeds (also with a non-pointed Himalayan similar to Persians). The Australian Cats Federation (AFC) follows the FIFe practice. The Canadian Cat Federation (CCA-AFC) treats all three separately, and even has a subbreed Exotic Longhair from Exotic, and subbreed Himalayan non-pointed from the Himalayas, different from Persians having only a few mixed ancestors. The Fancy Cats Council (GCCF) (UK) is also doing the same thing. treats Persian and Exotic Shorthair as separate breeds covered by a single standard with different coat lengths, and has a Himalayan pattern as only a division within that standard.
Characteristics
Persian performance style has a very long and thick coat, short legs, wide head with distant ear, large eyes, and a very short muzzle. This breed was originally erected with a short snout, but over time, this characteristic has become greatly exaggerated, especially in North America. Persian cats can have any color or mark.
Persians are generally described as silent cats. Usually quiet in nature, adapt well to apartment life. Himalayas tend to be more active because of the influence of Siamese properties. In a study comparing the perception of their cat cat owners, Persia is rated higher than non-genealogical cats in proximity and affection to the owner, hospitality towards strangers, hygiene, predictability, vocalization, and finesse over food.
Color
The colors allowed in the breed, in most organizations breed standards, cover the entire range of cat layer pattern variations.
The Cat Fanciers' Association (CFA), from the United States, categorizes these into four diagonal-pattern divisions, but differs: solid, silver and gold (including chinchilla and shade variants, and blued subvariants), shaded and smoke variations respectively, and third subcategories called shell), tabby (classic only, mackerel, and patched (in color), party-color (in four classes, tortoiseshell, blue-cream, chocolate tortie, and purple -crem, mixed with other colors), belacu and bi-color (around 40 variations, widely classified as belacu, beleaguer, and bi-color), and the Himalaya (white-to-brown body yellowish with dye staining on the head , tail and limbs, in various tints). CFA basic colors are white, black, blue, red, beige, brown, and purple. There are about 140 named CFA coatings that qualify the Himalaya, and 20 for the Himalayan sub breeds. This coat pattern covers almost everything CFA recognizes for the general cat. Any Persia allowed in a more detailed TICA system may be accepted at the CFA, only by a more generic name, even if the organization does not mix the breed registration.
The International Cat Association (TICA) grouped the species into three coat-pattern divisions to be judged on a cat show: traditional (with stable, rich in color), sepia ("pale and warmer than the traditional equivalent", and darkened slightly with age) , and mink (much lighter than sepia, and develops markedly with age on the face and extremities). Classified as Himalayan, full-point dyeing is required, the fourth TICA color division, with a "pale and cream-colored" body even lighter than eyelashes, with intense coloration on the face of the extremities. These four categories of TICA are essentially the scale of color distribution stratified from the same color to the most colorful only at the points. In each, the colors can be further classified as solid, tortoiseshell (or "tortie"), tabby, silver or smoke, solid-and-white, white-white, tabby-and-white, or silver/white, with various colors and special modifiers (eg brown turtle point, or tabby-torbie gazelle feathers). TICA's recognized taboo patterns include classic, mackerel, marble, spotted, and checked (in two genetic forms), while other patterns include shade, chinchilla, and two variations of tabbie-tortie, gold, and gray. Basic colors include white, black, brown, reddish, bronze, "blue" (gray), brown, cinnamon, purple, yellowish brown, red, cream, with silver or shade variants. Without calculating a bi-color (piebald) or a parti-color coat, or a genetically unlikely combination, there are nearly 1,000 variations of mantle patterns in a Persian/Himalayan TICA qualified system. Sub-breed Exotic Shorthair qualifies for any cat fur variation recognized by TICA.
Eye color ranges widely, and may include blue, copper, blue-eye strange and copper, green, blue-green, and brown. The various categories of TICA and CFA categorization come with specific eye color requirements.
Health
Pet insurance data from Sweden placed the median age range of cats from the Persian group (Persian, Chinchilla, Himalayan and Exotic) just over 12.5 years. 76% of this group live up to 10 years or more and 52% live up to 12.5 years or more. Animal clinical data from the UK show an average age of 12-17 years, with a median of 14.1.
The modern brachycephalic Persian has a large round skull and a short face and nose. This face conformation makes the offspring prone to difficulty breathing, skin and eye problems and difficulty giving birth. Anatomic abnormalities associated with brachycephalic breeds may cause shortness of breath. The wrong tear ducts cause epifora, tears to the face, which are common but especially cosmetic. This can be caused by other more serious conditions. Entropion, the deep folding of the eyelid, causes the eyelashes to rub against the cornea, and can cause tearing, pain, infection and corneal damage. Similarly, in trichiasis of the upper eyelid or trichiasis folding the nose, the lashes/hair of the eyelid and hair from the nasal folds near the eyes grow by rubbing against the cornea. Dystocia, abnormal or difficult labor, is relatively common in Persia. As a result, the stillbirth rate is higher than normal, ranging from 16.1% to 22.1%, and one study of 1973 put the cat death rate (including stillborns) at 29.2%. Veterinary studies in 2010 documented serious health problems caused by brachycephalic head.
As a consequence of the Pedigree Dogs Exposed BBC program, cat breeders are also under pressure from animal and animal welfare associations, with Persians being selected as one of the breeds most affected by health problems. Proponents of animal welfare have suggested changes in breed standards to prevent diseases caused by over-ultra-typing, and prohibit breeding of animals beyond the prescribed limits. Regardless of GCCF standards that limit the high nose, the TICA and FIFe standards require the nostrils to be opened, with FIFe stating that the nostrils should allow "free and easy air trajectories." The German Animal Welfare Act also prohibits the breeding of brachycephalic cats in which the tip of the nose is higher than the lower eyelid.
Polycystic kidney disease (PKD) that causes renal failure in the affected adult cat has a 36-49% incidence rate in Persian descent. The breed - and derived ones, such as the British Longhair and the Himalayas - are especially vulnerable to dominant autosomal polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD). Cysts develop and grow in the kidneys over time, replacing kidney tissue and enlarging the kidneys. Kidney failure develops later in life, at an average age of 7 years (ranging from 3 to 10 years). Symptoms include excessive drinking and urination, decreased appetite, weight loss and depression. The disease is autosomal dominant and DNA screening is the preferred method of removing genes in breeds. Because of DNA testing, the most responsible Persian farmers now have cats that no longer carry the PKD gene, so their offspring also have no genes. Before DNA screening is available, ultrasound is performed. However, the ultrasound is just as good as the day it is finished, and many cats are considered clear, in fact, the carrier of the PKD gene. Only DNA filtration and then negative breed becomes negative because the PKD gene will produce a negative kitten that effectively removes this gene from a breeding pond that has enabled multiple pathways and equipment to eliminate the incidence of the disease.
Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is a common heart disease in all cats. This is hereditary in Maine Coon and American Shorthair, and possibly Persian. This disease causes the thickening of left ventricle, which in some cases can cause sudden death. This tends to affect the male and the middle for the elderly. The incidence rate reported in Persia is 6.5%. Unlike detectable PKD even in very young cats, a heart test for HCM should be carried out regularly to track and/or exclude affected individuals and offspring from the breeding pool.
Age at first heart event was significantly lower in Maine Coons (2.5 years) than other offspring (7 years). At Sphynx, the age at diagnosis is 3.5 years. On sudden death alone, Maine Coon cats are younger than other offspring. No sudden death was reported on Chartreux and Persian cats in this study. Sudden deaths were observed in only 3 breeds - Maine Coon, Domestic Shorthair, and Sphynx. All cats that last for more than 15 years are Domestic, Persian, or Chartreux Shorthairs.
Early onset Progressive retinal atrophy is a degenerative eye disease in an autosomal recessive manner in offspring in Persia. Although there is a belief among some breeders that the disease is confined to chocolate and Himalayan lines, there is no clear relationship between feather color in Persia and PRA development. Basal cell carcinoma is a skin cancer that shows most often as growth in the head, back or upper chest. Although often benign, cases of rare malignancies tend to occur in Persia. Persian blue smoke tends to ChÃÆ'Â © diak-Higashi syndrome. White cats, including white Persians, are vulnerable to deafness, especially those with blue eyes. Persians are more susceptible to the side effects of the ringworm Griseofulvin.
As in dogs, hip dysplasia affects larger offspring such as Maine Coons and Persians. But the small size of the cat means that they are less likely to be affected by the condition. Persians are susceptible to malocclusion (the wrong bite), which can affect their ability to hold, hold and chew food. Even without the condition of the Persian flat face can make the food difficult, so much so that the special-shaped kibble has been made by the pet food company to serve the Persians.
Other Persian conditions tend to be listed below:
- Dermatology - primary seborrhoea, idiopathic periocular crust, dermatophytosis (ringworm), pyoderma facial skin crease, idiopathic facial dermatitis (dirty facial syndrome), multiple epitrichial cysts (eyelids)
- Ocular - coloboma, punctal lacrimal aplasia, corneal sequestrum, congenital cataracts
- Urine - calcium oxalate urolithiasis (lower urinary tract disease in cats)
- Reproduction - cryptorchidism
- Gastrointestinal - congenital portosystemic shunts, congenital polycystic liver disease (associated with PKD)
- Cardiovascular - peritoneopericardial diaphragmatic hernia
- Immunology - systemic lupus erythematosus
- Neurological - alpha-mannosidosis
- Neoplastic - basal cell carcinoma, glandular sebaceous tumor
- Excessive shift
- eye condition like cherry eyes
- Heat sensitivity
- Predisposition for ringworm, yeast infection
Although this health problem is common, many Persians do not point this out.
Caring
Because Persian cats have long, dense fur that can not be effectively kept clean, they need regular care to prevent webbing. To keep their fur in the best condition, they should be brushed often. Some supporters to bathe the cat in the water, although many Persians are fine cleaning up. The alternative is to shave feathers. Their eyes may require regular cleaning to prevent the buildup of the crust and tear it apart.
Persian Cat in Art
The art world and its patrons have long embraced their love for Persian cats by immortalizing them in art. 6-times-8.5 foot artworks recognized as "the world's largest paint paint" sold at auction for more than $ 820,000. 19th century oil portrait called "My Wife's Lovers", and it used to belong to a wealthy philanthropist who commissioned an artist to paint various Angora and Persian Turks. Other popular Persian paintings include White Persian Cat by renowned folk artist Warren Kimble and Two White Persian Cats Looking to Goldfish Bowl by the late painter Arthur Heyer. The beloved Persian cat has made its way to stamp artwork around the world.
In popular culture
- Opal, Rarity's cat from My Little Pony: Friendship Is Magic
References
External links
- Persian Cat in Curlie (based on DMOZ)
- Profile Developed: Persian
Source of the article : Wikipedia
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