Bangladesh is vulnerable to flooding because it is located in the Gang Delta and many of the distributions flow into the Bay of Bengal. Coastal flooding, combined with overflowing riverbanks is commonplace, and profoundly affecting the landscape and the people of Bangladesh. 80% of Bangladesh are floodplains, and have large coastlines, making the country at risk of widespread damage on a regular basis. While more permanent defenses, reinforced with reinforced concrete, are under construction, many dikes are composed purely of soil and grass and made by local farmers. Floods usually occur during the rainy season from June to September. The monsoon's convective rainfall is added by the Himalayan-induced rainfall. The water melt from the Himalayas is also a significant input.
Every year in Bangladesh about 26,000 km 2 (about 18% of the country) is flooded, killing more than 5,000 people and destroying more than seven million homes. During severe floods, the affected area may exceed 75% of the country, as seen in 1998. This volume is 95% of the total annual income. For comparison, only about 187,000 million m 3 river flow is generated by rainfall in the country over the same period. Floods have caused destruction in Bangladesh throughout history, especially in 1966, 1987, 1988 and 1998. The 2007 South Asian floods also affected much of Bangladesh.
Video Floods in Bangladesh
Manfaat banjir
Small-scale floods in Bangladesh are needed to sustain the agricultural industry, as sediment deposited by floods fertilizes the fields. Water is needed to grow rice, so natural flood replaces the need for artificial irrigation, which is time consuming and costly to build. Salt stored in fields from high evaporation rates is removed during floods, preventing soil from becoming infertile. The benefits of flooding are evident in El NiÃÆ'  ± o years when monsoons are disrupted. As El Nià ± o becomes more frequent, and flood events appear to be more extreme, previously reliable monsters may be replaced by years of drought or devastating floods.
Maps Floods in Bangladesh
Flood type
While flooding and ongoing efforts to limit damage are prevalent across the country, there are several types of floods that have recently occurred on a regular basis, affecting different regions in their own different ways. These types of floods include:
- banjir bandang in hilly areas
- monsoon rains during the rainy season
- the flood of the normal banks of the great rivers, Brahmaputra, Ganges and Meghna
- rain-fed flood
Historical flood
In the 19th century, six major floods were recorded: 1842, 1858, 1871, 1875, 1885 and 1892. Eighteen major floods occurred in the 20th century. Those 1987, 1988 and 1951 were disastrous consequences. The latest floods include 2004 and 2010.
The 1987 flood disaster occurred throughout July and August and affected 57,300 km of 2 land, (about 40% of the total area of ​​the country) and is estimated as an event once in 30-70 years. The seriously affected areas are on the western side of Brahmaputra, the area under the Ganges and Brahmaputra meetings and the areas north of Khulna.
The flood of 1988, which is also a catastrophic consequence, occurred throughout August and September. Water floods some 82,000 km 2 soil, (about 60% of the total area) and the return period is estimated to be 50-100 years. Rainfall along with the high current synchronization of the three major rivers in the country in just three days worsens flooding. Dhaka, the capital of Bangladesh, is severely affected. Floods last 15 to 20 days.
In 1998, more than 75% of the country's total area was flooded, including half of Dhaka. It is similar to the massive flood of 1988 in terms of the extent of the flood. The combination of high rainfall within and outside the country and the synchronization of the top streams of the major rivers contributes to the river. 30 million people became homeless and the death toll reached more than a thousand. Floods cause contamination of plants and animals and unclean water produces cholera and typhoid outbreaks. Few hospitals work because of flood damage, and open houses have too many patients, so daily injuries are fatal due to lack of care. 700,000 hectares of crops destroyed, 400 factories were forced to close, and there was a 20% drop in economic production. Domestic communication is also difficult.
The 1999 flood, though not as serious as the 1998 floods, is still very dangerous and expensive. Floods occur between July and September, causing many deaths, and many people are homeless. Extensive damage must be paid with foreign assistance. All the floods lasted about 65 days.
The floods of 2004 were very similar to the 1988 and 1998 floods with two-thirds of the country under water.
In early October 2005, dozens of villages were submerged during the rains causing ravines of northwestern Bangladesh to blow up their banks.
Flooding also occurs in 2015 and 2017.
Climate diversity
From March to September in the normal year, Bangladeshis are the most vulnerable to large floods, as the mixture of the rainy season and the rise of major rivers and their tributaries peak as the snow begins to melt and the rain begins to fall. to pour.
The widespread floods in Bangladesh, as seen in 1988, 1998 and 1991 have caused widespread destruction in one of the world's most underdeveloped countries. With three of the world's strongest river systems and located in the largest delta in the world, river bank erosion takes precious land from a small country with an ever-increasing population each year. Economic development in rural areas is largely intertwined, because every year people lose their property and livelihoods. South Asians, 70 percent of whom live in rural areas also account for 75 percent of the poor, who depend largely on agriculture for their livelihoods. Each year they are disproportionately affected by the impacts of climate change. Two disasters alone, 1991 Bangladesh typhoon, 1997 Bangladesh typhoon and Typhoon Sidr in 2007 cost the nation about a quarter of a million inhabitants. There needs to be serious consideration for reducing the impacts of climate change and investing in capacity building of each system component to secure the country's future.
This global shift tends to have a more dramatic effect on global agriculture than previously predicted which means that the situation of world hunger and food security problems in Bangladesh will worsen. The difference between historical and historical mean temperatures projected every season around the world has revealed that the harvest from the main staple crop could drop 40 percent by the end of the 21st century due to high temperatures in the growing season. A research study estimates this by using patterns and characteristics of 23 global climate models. Not only the harvest is affected, the grain yield is also predicted to decrease from 3 to 15 percent.
Overall damage:
- Half of the affected districts
- 100,000sq km (66%) of the country is overwhelmed
- 1,050 deaths reported
- 30 million affected people
- 25 million people are homeless
- 26,000 cattle lost
- 20,000 broken education facilities
- 300.000 broken well
- 16,000 km of flood avenue
- 4,500 km of damaged river dykes
- 32 percent of the total affected population
What is most unfortunate about Bangladesh's flood disaster is the fact that its people are largely unblemished over the rise of global warming, but they are experiencing the worst of its increasing effects.
Flood preparation
Annual floods during the rainy season and other bad weather forms have forced the Bangladeshi people to adjust their lifestyles to prepare for the worst. One thing people do to avoid the effects of the flood is to build houses and high roads. The houses built are built on platforms raised on a typical water surface that can be reached by the flood. In many cases, people's neighborhoods build these houses and raised roads, creating a "cluster village" which is basically a village all raised on the flooded surface. This proved very effective in avoiding the immediate impact of floods.
In addition, some organizations, such as Global Fund for Children and Bill & amp; Melinda Gates Foundation, has taken the initiative to help children rebuild their lives after natural disasters by building a school that works on the boat itself. The "floating school", because this classroom is known, helps provide education for children whose lives are drastically affected by the effects of continuous flooding. In addition, children who even before the natural disaster did not receive a decent school benefited from the opening of a floating school, making this community a lucrative learning place.
However, there are some effects of floods that can not be avoided simply by increasing the house above the flooded surface. Water contamination, for example, is very difficult to overcome during floods. Therefore, many people in Bangladesh use a well tube, which is a well with a raised peak high enough that flood waters contaminated from the flood can not enter. Many cities also have flood shelters, which are large elevated platforms where people can find protection from the impact of the coming floods. As a result of some summer floods, in 2004, the Bangladesh government took steps to seek foreign aid rather than trying to help millions of homeless people on their own. Nearly all of the 147 million people living in Bangladesh at the time (crammed into an Iowa-wide space) were forced to adapt to intense rainfall and water-borne diseases. Increased salinity, a lack of food distributors, and the effect of seeing slum dwellers surviving in flood waters were just the initial blow for the summer's massive flood season, extending beyond the Bangladesh border and affecting India, China, Nepal and Vietnam as well.
This can all be a great solution to the problem of flooding, but some cities have no resurrected homes or flood shelters. These cities usually have rescue boats that can search for people who can not pass the flood levels and help them get out of the water. These boats are very important; they saved more than a thousand people over the years.
Coverage of floods and deaths in large floods, 1954-1998
Table kerusakan banjir di Bangladesh (1953-1998)
See also
- 2007 Chittagong avalanche
References
Further reading
- Jha, Abhas Kumar, Robin Bloch, and Jessica Lamond. Cities and Floods: A Guide to Integrated Urban Flood Risk Management for the 21st Century. Washington, D.C.: World Bank, 2012. Academics. Web. April 29, 2014.
- Hofer, Thomas, and Bruno Messerli. Floods in Bangladesh: History, Dynamics and Rethinking the Role of the Himalayas. Tokyo: United Nations UP, 2006. Academia. Web. April 29, 2014.
External links
- "Flood Fury: A Recurring Hazard" (PDF) . Focus . World Health Organization (WHO). 2007. Archived from the original (PDF) on June 17, 2012.
- M Aminul Islam (2012). "Flood Action Plan". In Islam, Sirajul; Jamal, Ahmed A. Banglapedia: National Encyclopedia of Bangladesh (second edition). Asiatic Society of Bangladesh.
Source of the article : Wikipedia
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