This article searches for Tulsa history , part of current Oklahoma.
Video History of Tulsa, Oklahoma
Indian territory: 1830-1882
What eventually became Tulsa was part of the Indian Territory, created as part of the relocation of the Five Civilizations - Choctaw, Cherokee, Muscogee (Creek), Chickasaw, and the Seminole community. These Native Americans moved into the area after the passage of the Indian Removal Act of 1830, when they were forced to surrender their lands east of the Mississippi River to the federal government in return for lands in the Indian Territory. Each of the larger tribes is given vast land holdings, individual governments are formed, and tribal members begin a new life as farmers, trappers, and ranchers. The majority of American Indians (including many Creek settlers and Cherokees) come from Southern countries. During the Civil War, they preferred the Confederacy, partly because of the institution of common slavery in the Five Civilized Tribes. Most of Tulsa is modern located on the Creek Nation, with sections located in the Cherokee Nation and the Osage Nation.
The city now known as Tulsa was first occupied by the Lochapoka (Turtle Clan) Muscogee (Creek) between 1828 and 1836. Driven from their original Alabama, Lochapokas set up a new home on a site near Cheyenne Avenue and 18th Street now. Under a large oak tree, now called the Oak Tree Creek Council, they rekindle their ceremonial flames. The Lochapoka named their new settlement "Tulasi," which means "old town" in their native language. Not coincidentally, 'tulasi' is the same word from which Tallahassee, Florida takes its name. Florida is part of the original home of the Muscogee people. The Lochapoka continued to use the site at the end of 1896 for ceremonies, parties and games. The area around the tree was changed to "Creek Nation Council Oak Park" in 1929.
The 1832 visit to the area by renowned American author Washington Irving is described in his book A Tour on the Prairies (1835). Irving accompanied the US Army's exploratory troops while sightseeing from Fort Gibson west to the grasslands and lands occupied by the Osage and Pawnee tribes. In it, it connects camping in a large forest of trees on the banks of the Arkansas River a few miles south of the boundary of Tulsa now (now on the outskirts of Bixby). Washington Irving Park is nearby.
In 1846, Lewis Perryman built a log cabin trading post near what is now 33rd Street and South Rockford Avenue. Perryman, who was part of the Creek, established a business foothold on the rough border until the Civil War. The post-war reconstruction period contributed to regional growth; in 1879 the first post office opened on a farm owned by one of Lewis's sons, Josiah Chouteau Perryman, southeast of the city. Josiah was designated as Tulsa's first postmaster. It is located in a wooden cottage near what then becomes 31st Street and Lewis Avenue. Soon, it was officially transferred to George Perryman's ranch house. At this time the area is known as 'Tulsey City' and has grown into a trading and livestock trading post.
A Methodist minister, Pdt. Sylvester Morris, built a house in the early 1880s that now stands in Owen Park, Tulsa. Initially, standing on what became the Cheyenne St. North Morris served from 1836 to 1907, according to a sign in front of the house. This is the oldest house in Tulsa.
Maps History of Tulsa, Oklahoma
Rail: 1882-1901
In August, 1882, the Tulsa population was about 200, when the Atlantic and Pacific Railroad, which later merged onto St. Louis and the San Francisco Railway (known as Frisco ), completed the extension from its line to Tulsa from the city of Vinita to serving the livestock business, the city's first industry.
Josiah Perryman and his partner Has Reede opened a trading store in First and Main. Perryman moved the post office from his home to this store to provide better mailing services to the public. He continued as a postmaster until 1885, when he was replaced by James M. Hall. Josiah died in 1889.
Hall brothers, James M. and Harry C., who have operated a railway company shop in Vinita chose the point at which the train stopped. They originally chose a site where a train crossed what would be Lewis Avenue and set up a tent for a shop there. This location is just inside the Cherokee country limits. When the Halls found that the Creek State had fewer restrictions on wholesaler merchant activity, they moved the store a few miles westward to what would become the First Road and erect a more permanent wooden structure. James M. Hall, later referred to as 'The Father of Tulsa,' marks Tulsa's first streets, builds his first permanent store, organizes his first church, school and government, and serves as the first Interim Interim Post Office in Tulsa.
The Presbyterian Church (PCUSA) founded Presbyterian Mission Day School, a one-story building on what would become 4th Street and Boston Avenue in 1884. The second story was soon added to accommodate the number of children who would attend. The school operated until 1889. After W. Tate Brady and many other prominent Tulsa businessmen signed the city charter in 1898, the newly established city government took over the school and made it the first public school. James M. Hall and three other men bought the property with their own funds and held the title until the city could return their money.
Throughout the nineteenth century, Native American tribes were made to accept a number of treaties that further reduced the size of their land and introduced new tribes into the Indian Territory. White settlers continued to push forward, and in 1892 the land was officially opened and all tribal members were forced to accept individual land allocations. In 1898, the city had a population of 1,100. The city of Tulsa was founded in 1899. The Census 1900 U. S. reported a population of 1,390.
The first newspaper in Tulsa, Indian Republican , began publishing in 1893. It was renamed Tulsa World in 1905. Eugene Lorton bought flowers in newspapers in 1911, and it is owned by the Lorton family until 2013.
The first telephone system in Tulsa was started in 1899 by Robert H. Hall, which connects 80 customers. In 1903, he sold his system to the Indian Telephone Company (ITTC), which was later based in Vinita, Oklahoma. The Pioneer Telephone and Telegraph Company bought ITTC on July 8, 1904, becoming the only telephone service provider in Tulsa.
In 1900, Pdt. C. W. Kerr arrived in Tulsa as the first permanent Christian minister. He organized the First Presbyterian Church in Tulsa, and remained a senior minister until he retired in 1941. He also played an important role in the growth of Tulsa.
Oil boom: 1901-1907
Tulsa transformed from a small border town into a large city with oil discovery in 1901 in the Red Fork, a small community just south-west of Tulsa and across the Arkansas River. Wildcatters and investors flooding cities and towns are beginning to take shape. In 1901, the city was contracted with Dan Patton and his brother Gus to conduct official surveys and organize roads. The neighborhood was set up in Tulsa across the Arkansas River from the drilling location, and began to spread from downtown Tulsa.
An outbreak of smallpox struck Tulsa in 1900. Some homes were large enough to isolate patients from other people in the family, so Dr. Fred S. Clinton, a pioneering surgeon, set up the first hospital in a four-room cottage near the junction of Archers and Greenwoods. However, after the epidemic passed the following year, the hospital was closed. The next Tulsa hospital opened in a large unfinished wooden building at Fifth and Lawton in 1906. A nursing school opened in the hospital, and the first class graduated in 1908.
There were a number of natural springs around Tulsa, but it was soon clear that this was not sufficient to serve the big city. Therefore, Tulsa built a pumping plant in 1904 to send water from the Arkansas River to an upright pipe on a hill north of the city center. The hill is further known as Standpipe Hill. Water is then channeled by gravity to consumers in the city. However, the source soon proved unsatisfactory, and not suitable for domestic use. The water is high in mud, salt and gypsum. Filtration can eliminate most suspended solids, but not dissolve solids. There is no chemical treatment to further enhance the taste or appearance. The well also proved unsatisfactory because the water was hard and salty or dry after a relatively short time. As a result, most Tuls buy bottled water 5-US-gallon (19Ã, L).
In 1905, the Glenn Pool oil field was discovered. This strike creates an enormous supply of crude oil that forces Tulsans to develop storage tanks for excess oil and gas and, later, pipelines. It also laid the foundation for Tulsa to become a leader in many oil and gas related businesses, as well as being the physical center of the growing petroleum industry. Finally, Glenn Pool established Oklahoma as one of the leading oil producing regions in the United States. Many early oil companies chose Tulsa as their home base.
Tulsa built two of its first public schools in 1905. The construction of more schools began to accelerate in 1906. In December 1907, the control of public schools passed from the city government to the Tulsa Board of Education. Tulsa High School opened in 1906 in the same block previously occupied by the Presbyterian mission school, which had been destroyed. The new school is a cream-colored three-storey brick building with a dome. The school was accredited by the Association of Elementary Schools and North Central Colleges in 1913.
Country Status: 1907-1915
Kendall College , the Presbyterian school, moved to Tulsa from Muskogee in 1907. This school, the pioneer of the University of Tulsa, became the beginning of higher education in Tulsa.
By the time Oklahoma reached statehood in 1907, Tulsa had a population of 7,298.
According to the 1910 U. S. census, the Tulsa population has risen to 18,182.
The first petroleum refinery in Tulsa, built by Texaco, began operating in 1910 in West Tulsa, across the Arkansas River from Tulsa. Texaco continued to operate the plant until 1983, when the facility was sold to Sinclair Oil Company. By the time the refinery is sold to Sinclair, refinery capacity is rated at 50,000 barrels (7,900 m 3 ) per day.
The second refinery was built in West Tulsa two miles (3 km) upstream of the Arkansas River in 1913 by Joshua Cosden, who also founded the Cosden Petroleum Company. The refinery is then operated as a brand of Sunray D-X and Sunoco . Holly Corporation in Dallas, Texas bought both Texaco and Sunoco oil refineries in 2009 and announced that they would operate as a single refinery.
High-rise buildings began to appear in the city center during this decade. Hotel Tulsa and the Brady Hotel pavilion were built around 1910. The 16 storey Cosden Building was built in 1918, and is considered the first skyscraper in Tulsa. It was later acquired by the Mid Continent Oil Company, which built adjacent towers integrated with older structures. This is now called the Mid-Continent Tower.
1917 saw the construction of the Federal Building containing the main post office and the United States District Court room for the Eastern District of Oklahoma. The building was substantially expanded in 1933, covering the western side of Boulder Avenue between the Second and Third Streets.
Second oil boom: 1915-1930
In 1920, the population increased to over 72,000. Many of these new residents are from Pennsylvania, Ohio, and New York. The second spike in oil discovery occurred between 1915 and 1930, and firmly established Tulsa as the "Capital of the World Oil". Rich oil companies like Waite Phillips, William G. Skelly, and J. Paul Getty built magnificent stately homes and beautiful modern headquarters. The prevalence of the Art Deco style of architecture during this period resulted in treasures of beautiful structures. Cultural institutions like Symphony and Ballet are professional and Opera companies are established, as well as Tulsa Theater, the oldest community theater that still lies to the west of the Mississippi River. In 1932, Waite Phillips donated his beautiful Italian home "Philbrook" to the city of Tulsa for use as an art museum.
Roaring twenties: 1920-1930
Another community that developed in Tulsa during the start of the oil boom was Greenwood. It is the largest and richest African American community in Oklahoma and nationally known as "Black Wall Street". The neighborhood was a den of jazz and blues in the 1920s. The scene in Greenwood is so hot that the story says that in 1927 while on tour, Count Basie heard a dance band at a club in Greenwood and decided to focus on jazz.
Racial riots: 1921
The riot of the Tulsa Race of 1921 - also known as the Race riots of 1921, the Tulsa Race War, or Greenwood Riot - is one of the largest racial acts of violence and civil chaos of the nation. From 31 May to 1 June 1921 for 16 hours of white riots, more than 39 people were officially reported killed, over 800 people were hospitalized with injuries, an estimated 10,000 people were displaced, 35 city blocks consisted of 1,256 dwellings are destroyed by fire, and $ 1.8 million (nearly $ 17 million after adjustment for inflation) in property damage. There was an old report that the local government sought help from the state government, at the time, the National Guard was deployed. They used planes and government troops to drop ammunition, and also, shoot black people who fled the Tulsa Greenwood community. The attack killed more than 75 people and destroyed more than 1,100 homes. Constrained primarily into the Greenwood neighborhood separated from Tulsa, the riots were responsible for wiping out almost all the prosperity and success that Black Wall Street achieved at that time, even though the neighborhood had been rebuilt in a few years and expanded into the 1960s.
Spavinaw water project
Tulsa built a pumping plant in 1904 to deliver water from the Arkansas River to consumers. However, the source soon proved unsatisfactory, and not suitable for domestic use. The water is high in mud, salt and gypsum. The well also proved unsatisfactory because the water was hard and salty or dry after a relatively short time. The Spavinaw Dam, near the town of Spavinaw, Oklahoma and about 50 miles (80 km) northeast of Tulsa, was completed in 1924. It created the Spavinaw Lake, fed by Spavinaw Creek, a perennial river that dries 400 square miles (1,000 km < 2 ) from the foot of Mount Ozark. In 1922, a pipe began bringing this water to Lake Yahola in Mohawk Park, Tulsa. On June 23, 1923, the Arkansas River flooded the river city. Floods caused the city to move water into Mohawk Park. The line began operating in 1924, and was the longest line in the US at the time. Five years later, the city completed the Mohawk Water Treating Plant. It has been a major source of Tulsa domestic water ever since. Tulsa completed its second pipe in 1954, doubling its capacity. According to Tulsa City, the average monthly water pump rate in 2009 was 103 million US gallons (390,000 m 3 ) per day. The range during the year was $ 81.5 million (309,000 m 3 ) per day in February to 138.2 million US gallons (523,000 m 3 ) per day at July.
In 1952, Lake Eucha was created by the completion of the Eucha dam, which serves as additional storage and as a buffer for Lake Spavinaw. W. R. Holway is credited with the design and construction of both projects.
Annexation during 1920
Tulsa annexed the Red Fork community on the Arkansas River in 1927. In 1928, Tulsa annexed the Carbondale community. Both are now considered neighborhoods in West Tulsa.
The Great Depression: 1930 - 1940
In 1930, the population was more than 140,000 people, about twice that of the 1920 census. Several important events continued from the previous decade. The Tulsa Union depots, completed in 1931, consolidated all passenger train traffic in one location. Passenger service was discontinued in 1967, and the building stood empty for 14 years. In 1982, it was converted into an office.
The Philcade Building, commissioned by Waite Phillips, was completed in 1931. It is the last high-rise Art Deco office building built in the downtown area. Over the years, Philcade is also known as the Stanolind Building or the BP Building. A new terminal building was completed for the Tulsa Municipal Airport in 1932.
The Great Depression held back the population growth in Tulsa. The population change was not significant (increased by less than one percent) between the 1930 census and the 1940 census, and the land area increased by only half a square mile. However, the local economy is not destroyed in the same degree as most other Midwest areas.
" America's Most Beautiful City ": 1940 - 2007
Tulsa annexed the city of Dawson on July 7, 1949, adding 3,500 inhabitants and 2.5 square miles (6.5 km 2 ) area.
For most Tuls, the mid-twentieth century proves a time of sustained prosperity. The wealth generated by the early oil industry also helps Tulsa become a leader in the aviation industry. During World War II, the Spartan School of Aeronautics, which belonged to the Spartan Aircraft Company was a training ground for hundreds of allied pilots. In 1942, Douglas Aircraft built the Air Force Nos. 3 to build bombers. After the war, Tulsa became an important maintenance center for American Airlines and many other aviation-related businesses developed together.
The master plan for the city that resulted in the creation of many parks, along with attractions such as oil mansion, beautiful churches, museums and rose gardens, caused Tulsa dubbed the "Most Beautiful City in America" ​​in the 1950s.
In 1957, a new 1957 Plymouth Belvedere brand, nicknamed Miss Belvedere by the 2000 general co-chairman, was buried underground near the town center courthouse in a 6-inch (150 mm) closed concrete tomb to celebrate semi-senenial Oklahoma. The plaque over the cemetery says the car will be unearthed in 2007 to celebrate a hundred years of Oklahoma. Included in the concrete enclosure is a time capsule with items including the American flag, the proclamation of the city government, and more. By the time the car was unearthed in 2007, the concrete tomb was leaking so the car's engine became a pile of rust. The time capsule remains intact. By 2015, it was announced that rust removal work at Miss Belvedere has been completed, and she will be on display at the Historic Auto Attractions Museum in Roscoe, Illinois.
During the 1950s, Tulsa annexed 25.80 square miles (66.8 km 2 ), increasing the total area to 49.93 square miles (129.3 km 2 ). One such area is a rectangular outskirts known as Highland Park, which was annexed in 1956.
Urban Updates: 1960 - 1980
Tulsa is the first major Oklahoma city to start an urban renewal program. The Tulsa Urban Renewal Authority was formed in July 1959. His first project, the Seminole Hills Project, a public housing facility began in 1961 and was completed in 1968. The Tulsa Urban Renewal Authority was renamed the Tulsa Development Authority (TDA) in 1976 TDA acquired distressed or unwanted within the designated urban renewal zone to encourage new and better developments. Members of the TDA Council are appointed by the Mayor, confirmed by the City Council, and supported by city staff employees. As a public trust, TDA can use the rights of the leading domain.
One of the first major urban renewal projects is the Williams Center. The most prominent feature of this project is the BOK Tower (originally called One Williams Center). This requires clearing several blocks in downtown Tulsa near the Frisco railway line, generally bordered by Detroit east to Boulder to the west of the railroads to the north and Third Street to the south. Thus, many of the oldest buildings in the city were flattened. Overall, nine city blocks were cleared of buildings. Missing important historical buildings include Daniel Building, Hotel Tulsa, the former Grand Opera House, the Lynch Building (then the oldest oldest building in Tulsa) and the first bank building in Tulsa. The only pre-1910 buildings left in downtown Tulsa are Pierce Block at Third and Detroit.
The construction of the Tulsa Civic Center also requires the demolition of many blocks of downtown properties. The city acquires six square blocks, bordered by West Fourth Street to the north, Denver Avenue to the east, West Sixth Street to the south, and Guthrie Avenue West. It began to develop this area from time to time, starting with the new Tulsa Courthouse.
Oil damage and recovery: 1982-Now
After the 1982-84 "Oil Bust", the title "Oil Capital of the World" was released to Houston. City leaders worked to diversify the city away from petroleum-based economies, bringing blue-collar factory work as well as Internet and telecommunication companies to Tulsa during the 1990s, and boosting the already important airline industry. During this time, customer service centers and call reservations are an important part of the local economy. Demonstrating that petroleum is still an important player, abundant supply of natural gas also helps recovery.
Centennial time capsule
In 1998, to celebrate the first century of Tulsa merger as a city, the city sealed Plymouth Prowler in a time capsule buried at Centennial Park (formerly known as Central Park) on 6th Street and Peoria Avenue. The city plans to open it in 2048. This time, the car is wrapped in a specially constructed plastic box, which is then buried in a concrete floor above the ground. Rotary Club adds various other memorabilia to the contents of time capsule.
The Development of the 21st Century
The early 21st century saw the Tulsa economy, along with the national economy, facing another economic downturn and job loss. However, the reported recovery began in early 2004 and in 2006 the number of jobs in Tulsa has increased to levels that exceeded before the decline. Aided by relatively low housing prices, Tulsa continues to be an attractive market for business expansion. Efforts by city leaders led to the passage of the "Vision 2025" program in 2003 with the aim of improving and revitalizing Tulsa's infrastructure. The key project of Vision 2025 is the construction of the BOK Center in downtown Tulsa. The multi-purpose arena, designed by renowned architect Cesar Pelli, serves as the home for the city's small league hockey team, as well as venues for concerts and major conventions. Groundbreaking on structures occurred in 2005 and the building was completed in 2009.
In June 2007, Tulsa City formally agreed to support the plan prepared by the Indian Government Council (INCOG), an agency of Tulsa County, for the development of the River. The plan is based on the Arkansas River Corridor Master Plan produced by city, district and local officials, and the US Army Engineer Corps in 2005. The plan calls for additional low water dams to maintain water in rivers, improved recreational facilities and river crossings for walkers foot, better access to the riverbank and to nearby retail/entertainment areas, improved structural aesthetics of existing structures, inclusion of retail vendors and supplementary foods within the River Garden, additional multi-use development on the west bank of the river, and road improvements, lighting and sign.
In 2014, construction begins at "A Gathering Place for Tulsa," a major expansion and renovation of the Tulsa River Park area near 31st Street and Riverside Parkway designed by landscape architect Michael Van Valkenburgh Associates. Phase I consists of 66.5 hectares and is scheduled for completion in 2017. The Gathering Place is a project of the George Kaiser Family Foundation. The total cost is estimated at $ 350 Million, and is funded by private and corporate donations, including $ 200 Million from the Kaiser Family Foundation.
The Kaiser Family Foundation also funds and operates Guthrie Green, a city park and entertainment room in the Brady Arts District on a square block between Brady & Cameron and Boston Avenue & amp; MLK Blvd. Guthrie Green hosts events, concerts, movies and fitness classes, all free and open to the public. Guthrie Green celebrates its opening with a three-day festival from September 7, 2012. Green is located near the Woody Guthrie Center, a museum and archive focusing on Oklahoma natives and the power of the creative process; the Philbrook Museum's downtown pavilion, which focuses on a collection of modern and native American art in museums; and Henry Zarrow Center for Arts & amp; University of Tulsa. Education, all of which opened in 2013. All three occupied the former renovated Tulsa Paper Co Building, built in 1922.
Tornado Tulsa 2017 takes place on 5-6 August 2017 near Tulsa, Oklahoma.
See also
- Timeline Tulsa, Oklahoma
- Flood and flood control in Tulsa
Note
References
Bibliography
External links
- Voices of Oklahoma interview with Monetta & amp; Robert Trepp. The first person interview was conducted on September 9, 2010 with Monetta & amp; Robert Trepp, about the Perryman family who were some of the original founders of Tulsa, Oklahoma.
Source of the article : Wikipedia
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