Palm Islands are the three artificial islands, Palm Jumeirah, Deira Island and Palm Jebel Ali, on the coast of Dubai, United Arab Emirates. The creation of the island began in 2001. In November 2011, only Palm Jumeirah has been completed. The island takes the shape of a palm tree, topped with a crescent moon.
Once completed, Palm Jebel Ali will take a similar shape. Like Palm Jumeirah, each island will host a large number of residential, recreation and entertainment hubs and will add a total of 520 kilometers of non-public beach to Dubai city.
Video Palm Islands
Palm Jumeirah
The Palm Jumeirah (Coordinates: 25 Â ° 06? 28? N 55Ã, Â ° 08? 15? E ) consists of a tree trunk, a 16-leaf crown, and a crescent-shaped island around it that forms a 11 kilometer long wave breaker. The island itself is five kilometers by five kilometers. It adds 78 kilometers to the Dubai coastline.
Residents began moving to Palm Jumeirah property in late 2006, five years after land reclamation began.
Palm Jumeirah Monorail opened in 2009; connected to station 9 of Dubai Tram (Palm Jumeirah Station).
Palm Jumeirah hosts Atlantis resort hotel.
Maps Palm Islands
Palm Jebel Ali
The Palm Jebel Ali began construction in October 2002 and completed in mid-2015.
Environmental issues
The construction of Dubai Palm Islands has had a significant impact on the surrounding environment, resulting in changes in wildlife areas, coastal erosion, longshore sediment transport and wave patterns. Sediment stirred by construction has choked and injured local marine fauna and reduced the amount of sunlight filtering into coastal vegetation. Variations in sediment transport along the coast have resulted in changes in erosion patterns along the UAE coast, which have also been exacerbated by the changing wave pattern as Persian Gulf waters attempt to move around the island's new obstacles.
Mega Megaproject Dubai has become a favorite cause of environmentalists. Greenpeace has criticized the Palm Islands for its lack of sustainability, and Mongabay.com, a site dedicated to rainforest conservation, has attacked Dubai-made islands aggressively, stating that:
Significant changes in the maritime environment [Dubai] leave a visual scar [...] As a result of dredging and redeposit sand for the construction of the islands, the typical crystal waters of the Persian Gulf in Dubai have become very severe. covered in mud. Construction activities destroy marine habitats, bury coral reefs, oyster beds and seawater underwater fields, threaten local marine species as well as other species that depend on them for food. The oyster bed had been covered in two-inch sediments, while on the water, the beach was eroding with natural currents disruption.
Structural importance
Palm Jumeirah is built entirely from sand and rock (no concrete or steel used to build the island). This was done in accordance with the orders of the Dubai Ruler, who came up with ideas for the Palm Islands, as well as their designs.
Construction resources involved
- 5.5 million cubic meters of stone brought from over 16 mines in Dubai.
- 94 million cubic meters of sand carried from the seafloor within 6 nautical miles of the Dubai coast.
- 210 million cubic meters of rock, sand, and limestone
The main constraint
An important constraint is that the estimated time for project completion (4 years) is too long. To make the construction process on the island faster; 40,000 workers are employed with 2 different shifts per day (Each shift is 12 hours).
Project risks and threats
- Waves as high as 2 meters.
- Hurricane frequency of 1 year.
- Weak land due to continuous exposure to rising sea water.
- Water pollution.
Hidden issues
- Erosion (caused by wind and water currents) is one of the biggest problems that exist, as it tears the sand that forms most of the island.
- Marine ecological damage (eg loss of reefs and fish), including disturbance in the reproductive cycle of fish species close to the coast of Dubai. Research conducted by marine biologists on this phenomenon suggests that the newborn fish can not survive under conditions along the Dubai coast due to its constant construction and environmental changes (eg shifting sand, moving stones and the effects of vibration).
- Due to the shape of the island just off the coast of Dubai, there is a loss of shoreline along Dubai's coastline.
Roadblock after island development
Installation of utilities and pipelines is very difficult and tiring.
Risk mitigation
To fight the waves and the constant movement of the sea, breakwaters are built around the island. The height is 3 meters and the total length of 160 meters. Expanded over 11.5 kilometers, this breakwater base and the island itself are continuously monitored during the construction process with the help of deep sea divers. Divers check the alignment and placement of rocks below the surface to ensure their stability. The island shapes are monitored using a global positioning system (satellites are placed about 676 kilometers from sea level into space). The sand above the island was sprayed by a technique called a rainbow. Here the sand from the dredging vessels is sprayed on land. The whole island is planned so that no water is inundated between islands and breakwaters. To achieve this, small structural modifications are made to breakwaters that surround the island, allowing seawater to move through the breaker without causing damage to the island. To prevent sand erosion from the island, maintenance systems spray materials along the coast of the island and also along the Dubai coast. Coastal ecology is rediscovered with the help of nature itself. These changes begin to attract newer species of fish as well as coral formations. Every 6 weeks sea divers go down underwater to check the marine life as part of their monitoring process. Precautions are also taken to prevent the process of liquefying sand on the island (below the upper surface). This liquefaction process is caused by the movement of rocks and sand and underwater erosion before and after construction. Vibro-compaction technique is used to prevent liquifaction process. This is done to hold the island base together and also to create a strong foundation for further construction.
Construction effects and impact
The construction of the Palm islands along Dubai's coast has caused some major environmental changes: a reduction of aquatic life in the area, coastal erosion of land, and irregular sedimentary transport along the coast. There are also dramatic changes in wave patterns along the Dubai coast because of the stone walls built around palm islands: instead of directly hitting the shore, the waves move in an unusual way around new obstruction. This has led to the weakening of Dubai beaches.
Much of the environmental damage is caused by sediment stirred by the construction; it suffocates and injures the surrounding marine fauna and lowers the amount of sunlight that filters into marine vegetation. Such environmental disturbances have transformed many of the heads of environmental activists. Greenpeace and Mongabay.com (Rainforest conservation organizations) have expressed strong opinions on the development of Dubai's Palm island.
World Wildlife Fund announced in 2006, "The United Arab Emirates's human pressure on the global ecosystem (its ecological footprint) is the highest in the world, presumably five times more unsustainable than other countries" (Samarai 2007). It also mentions that development from the beginning up to now has caused many visible ecological and environmental changes that pose a threat to the future.
Remedial action to protect the beach
To properly manage the coastline and its effects, Dubai relies on its coastal monitoring program. Established in 1997, the coastal monitoring program of Dubai began studying baseline bathymetry (ocean or marine depth measurements) and topographic survey of the Jumeirah (Dubai) coastline.
Additional data were collected with technological improvements including remote video monitoring of Dubai beaches, sediment sampling and analysis, near directional shore wave and current recording and intensive measurement exercises at selected sites using Acoustic Doppler Current Profiler (ADCP) equipment. In this way they can carry out constant monitoring and check on the changing environmental conditions along the Dubai coast.
Gallery
Geo Link
Ideally Geo Links should be integrated into the main article.
- 25.115601 Â ° N 55.132484 Â ° E / 25.115601 ; 55.132484 The Palm Islands satellite view
- 25 Â °? N 54Ã, Â ° 59? E The Palm Jebel Ali
- Map 25 Â ° 07? 00? N 55Ã, Â ° 08? 00? E Palm Jumeirah
See also
- World, another artificial island project in Dubai.
- Nakheel, the real estate developer of Palm Islands
- Tourism in Dubai
- Sea colonization
- Tourist attractions in Dubai
References
External links
- Palm's official website
- "TOP TEN AMAZING MAN MADE ISLANDS". amiced.com . Retrieved 2014-01-25 .
- Image Information on Palm Island
- Animation timelapse of construction of Palm Islands
- Palm Islands in Dubai - slideshow by The First Post
- Globalization and Development: A Case Study from Jumeriah Palm Island Project Mega Project Dubai PhD Thesis by Ibrahim Abdul Rahman al Darmaki for South Hampton University
Source of the article : Wikipedia
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