Various medical problems can be generated from tattoos. Because it requires a skin barrier, tattoos can carry health risks, including infections and allergic reactions. Modern tattoos reduce such risks by following universal precautions, working with disposable items, and disinfecting their equipment after every use. Many jurisdictions require tattoos to have blood pathogen training, such as those provided through the Red Cross and the US Occupational Safety and Health Administration.
Dermatologists have observed the rare but severe medical complications of tattoo pigments in the body, and have noted that people who get tattoos rarely assess health risks before to receive their tattoos. Some medical practitioners have recommended larger pigment settings used in tattoo ink. The wide variety of pigments currently used in tattoo inks can create unexpected health problems.
Video Tattoo medical issues
Infection
Because the tattoo device is in contact with blood and body fluids, the disease can be transmitted if the instrument is used on more than one person without being sterilized. However, infections from tattoos in clean and modern tattoo studios using disposable needles are rare. With amateur tattoos, as applied in prison, however, there is an increased risk of infection. To address this issue, a program was introduced in Canada in the summer of 2005 that provides legal tattoos in prisons, both to reduce health risks and provide inmates with marketable skills. Inmates should be trained for staff and operate tattoo parlors once six of them are successfully opened.
In the United States, the Red Cross forbids a person who has received a tattoo from donating blood for 12 months (FDA 2000), unless the procedure is performed in a state-licensed and licensed studio, using sterile techniques. Not all countries have a licensing program, which means that the person receiving the tattoo in those countries is subject to a 12-month suspension regardless of the studio's hygienic standards. Similarly, the UK does not provide certification for tattooists, and blood donations are prohibited without exception for four months after tattoos.
Infections that could theoretically be transmitted by the use of non-sterilized tattoo equipment or contaminated inks include skin surface infections, hepatitis B, hepatitis C, tuberculosis, and HIV. However, no person in the United States has reportedly contracted HIV through a commercially applied tattoo process. The OSHA study in Washington state has stated that since the needles used in the tattoo are not hollow, in the case of injection syringes the amount of fluid being transmitted may be small enough that HIV will be difficult to transmit. The risk of tetanus is reduced by having an up-to-date tetanus booster before tattooing. According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, of 13,387 cases of hepatitis in the United States in 1995, 12 cases (0.09%) were attributed to tattoo salons; by comparison, 43 cases (0.32%) were associated with the dentist's office.
In 2006, the CDC reported 3 clusters with 44 cases of methicillin-resistant staph infections traced to unlicensed tattoos.
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Reactions to ink
Probably because of the mechanism by which the skin's immune system encapsulates the pigment particles in fibrous tissue, tattoo ink has been described as "very histologically not histologic". However, some allergic reactions have been documented medically. There is no overall incidence of allergic reaction to tattoo pigment. Allergic to sap is more common than ink; many artists will use non-latex gloves when requested.
Allergic reactions to tattoo pigments, while not common, are most commonly seen in red, yellow, and sometimes white. The reaction can be triggered by exposure to sunlight. People who are sensitive or allergic to certain metals may react to skin pigment with swelling and/or itching, and/or secrete clear fluids called serum. Such reactions are quite rare, however, and some artists would recommend doing a test patch. Because mercury and Azo chemicals in red dye are more often allergic than other pigments, allergic reactions are most often seen in red tattoos. Rare allergic reactions to black, purple, and green pigments have also been noted.
Traditional metal salts are common in tattoo inks. A 3-by-5-inch (76 x 127 mm) tattoo may contain 1 to 23 micrograms (1.5 ÃÆ' - 10 -5 to 0.000355Ã, gr) of lead, but there is insufficient evidence to assess whether the metal salts are harmful at this dose and through this method. However, in 2005, there was no report of metal toxicity from tattoo ink. Organic pigments (ie, non-heavy metal pigments) can also cause health problems. A European Commission noted that nearly 40% of organic tattoo dyes used in Europe have not been approved for cosmetic use, and that under 20% of the dye contains carcinogenic aromatic amines.
MRI complications
Some cases of burns on tattoos caused by MRI scans have been documented. Problems tend to occur with designs that contain large areas of black ink, since black generally contains iron oxide; MRI scanners cause the iron to heat up either by inducing an electric current or hysteresis. Burning can occur in smaller tattoos like "permanent makeup", but this is rare. Non-iron pigments are also known to cause burns during MRI. It should be emphasized that tattoo burns are rare, so just having a tattoo is not a contraindication to the use of MRI scans.
Dermal conditions
The most common skin reactions to tattoo pigments are granulomas and various lichenoid diseases. Other conditions noted were cement dermatitis, collagen deposit, discoid lupus erythematosus, eczematous eruption, hyperkeratosis and parakeratosis, and keloids.
Pending reaction
Hypersensitive reactions to tattoos are known to laten latently for significant periods of time before symptoms develop. Chronic, delayed chronic reactions, such as eczematous dermatitis, are known to manifest themselves from the moon to as much as twenty years after the patient receives the latest tattoo.
Azo-type pigments used in tattoos tend to divide through enzymatic catalysis of redox reactions, resulting in a very high electrophilic aromatic amine product capable of binding covalently with DNA. Naphthol and Azos break down the exposure of sunlight to aromatic and/or carcinogenic aromatic amines. Like heavy metals, byproducts of pigment decomposition accumulate in the lymphatic system. Plastic-based inks (eg, glowing inks in the dark) are known to cause polymerization under the skin, where the tattoo pigment particles converge into one solid plastic part under the skin.
Other adverse effects
Other documented conditions caused by pigment tattoos are carcinoma, hyperplasia, tumors, and vasculitis. Keratoacanthoma can also occur, which makes excision of the affected area mandatory. Eye ball tattoos carry their own unique risks.
Hematoma
Sometimes, when a blood vessel is impaled during a tattoo procedure, a hematoma (bruises) may appear. The bruises generally heal within a week. The bruises can appear as a halo around the tattoo, or, if a pool of blood, as one bigger bruise. This bluish or dark halo that surrounds the tattoo can also be attributed to the ink diffusion or 'blow-out'. Commonly mistaken for hematoma, this color change occurs when the tattoo pigment spreads to subcutaneous tissue beneath the skin layer of the skin, and may be caused by ink that is stored too deep in the skin.
Load on lymphatic system
Some pigments migrate from the tattoo site to the lymph nodes, where large particles can accumulate. When larger particles accumulate in the lymph nodes, inflammation can occur. The smaller particles, such as those created by laser tattoo treatments, are small enough to carry by the lymphatic system and do not accumulate.
Interference with melanoma diagnosis
Lymph nodes can become discolored and inflamed with the presence of tattoo pigments, but discoloration and inflammation are also visual indicators of melanoma; consequently, diagnosing melanoma in patients with tattoos becomes difficult, and special precautions should be taken to avoid misdiagnosis.
Blood-thinning effect
Blood-thinning regimens may affect the tattoo process, causing excessive bleeding. This increased bleeding can slow the process of getting enough ink onto the skin. Healing after treatment can also be longer.
References
Source of the article : Wikipedia
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