A lead-based perovskite cell is a special type of perovskite solar cell, in which lead is replaced by lead. It has a lead-based perovskite structure (ASnX 3 ), where 'A' is 1 cation and 'X' is a monovalent halogen anion. The maximum reported solar cell efficiency was 6.4% for methylammonium tin iodide (CH 3 NH 3 SnI 3 ), 5.73% for CH 3 NH 3 SnIBr 2 , 4.8% for formamidinium tin triiodide (FASnI 3 ), and 2 , 02% for CsSnI 3 . Methylammonium tin iodide (CH 3 NH 3 SnI 3 ) has a band gap of 1.2-1.3 eV.
Tin-based perovskite solar cells are still in the research phase and there is little publicity about them, compared to their lead-based perovskite solar cells. This is mainly due to the instability of the 2 tin oxidation state (Sn 2 ) in methylamonium tin iodide (CH 3 NH 3 SnI 3 ), which can easily oxidize to a more stable Sn 4 , leading to a process called self-doping, where Sn 4 acts as a p-dopant leading to a reduction in the efficiency of solar cells.
The main advantages of lead-based lead-based perovskite solar cells. There are environmental problems using lead-based perovskite solar cells in large-scale applications; One concern is because the material is soluble in water, and lead is highly toxic, any contamination from damaged solar cells can cause major health and environmental problems.
In spite of the previously reported low efficiency, the formamidinium tin triiodide can be promising because, used as a thin film, it appears to have the potential to exceed the Shockley-Queisser limit by allowing the capture of heat electrons, which can increase efficiency.
Video Tin-based perovskite solar cells
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Source of the article : Wikipedia
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